Suchergebnisse

We analyze the impact of aggregate reserve levels on the intraday behavior of the federal funds rate over a sample period extending from 2002 to 2005. We study both how the reserve levels accumulated earlier in a maintenance period influence the morning level of the funds rate relative to the target set by the FOMC, and how same-day reserve levels as well as the reserve levels accumulated earlier affect intraday movements of the funds rate. The impact of recurring calendar events on the behavior of the federal funds rate is also explored. In general, we find a negative relationship between our measures of reserve levels and our two measures of federal funds rate behavior.

Chapter 1: Introduction: The Political Economy of Natural Resource Funds (NRFs) -- Chapter 2: The Alaska Permanent Fund and the Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund – Divergent Paths, Divergent Outcomes -- Chapter 3: The Political Economy of the Angola Fund -- Chapter 4: Botswana's Natural Resource Fund (The Pula Fund) -- Chapter 5: Chile: A Successful Story in Latin America? -- Chapter 6: The Political Economy of Sovereign Wealth Fund Management in Ghana -- Chapter 7: States and the Construction of Privilege over the Creation of Oil Funds in Nigeria -- Chapter 8: A Less than Sovereign Wealth Fund: Norway's Government Pension Fund, Global -- Chapter 9: Old Fund, New Mandate: Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund (PIF) -- Chapter 10: The Timor Leste Petroleum Fund: From Buying Peace to White Elephants -- Chapter 11: Practices and Models: Prospects for Commodity-based SWFs -- Index.

Детально проаналізовано кількісний та якісний склад сучасних категоріальних мереж природно-заповідного фонду, особливості їхньої структури для Дніпропетровської області та земель державного лісового фонду. Розглянуто таксаційну структуру деревостанів Robinia pseudoacacia L. – одного з найпоширеніших деревних видів лісових насаджень у межах об'єктів природно-заповідного фонду, підпорядкованих державному підприємству "Верхньодніпровське лісове господарство". ; Детально проанализированы количественный и качественный состав современных категориальных сетей природно-заповедного фонда, особенности их структуры для Днепропетровской области и земель государственного лесного фонда. Рассмотрены таксационные структуры древостоев Robinia pseudoacacia L. – одного из самых распространенных древесных видов лесных насаждений в пределах объектов природно-заповедного фонда, подчиненных государственному предприятию "Верхнеднепровское лесное хозяйство". ; Dnipropetrovsk region is one of the last places among regions of Ukraine in area of the natural reserve fund (NRF) and it's only 1,7 % that is extremely poor. This average index forUkraineis 5,7 %. Point of view, this situation cause by a variety of the reasons, the main of which are the considerable level of anthropogenic transformation of natural steppe ecosystems, the disturbance of soils, a developed industrial enterprises and inefficient government environmental policy. To determine the perspective of development of the natural reserve fund in Dnipropetrovsk region, which is located within the natural zones of Steppe of Ukraine, it is necessary to evaluate the contemporary structure and state of the NRF. Especially it is relevant for the analysis of NRF within of lands covered with forest vegetation. The forest within steppe zone is mainly of the artificial origin, and cannot represent the nature this zone. This is impossible without assessment the structure of NRF and the state of the autotrophic biotic component of protected ecosystems.The aim of this work is the analysis of the structure of natural reserve fund within of the forest the Dnipropetrovsk region and assessment forestry-biometric indexis of Robinia pseudoacacia stands within NRF of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine.Natural-reserved fund of the Dnipropetrovsk region presents 139 objects, total area of 57046,2 ha: of them of national and local significant – 30 objects (30,3 thousand ha) and local significant of 109 objects (26,7 thousand ha)Robinia pseudoacacia stands within the analyzed NRF occupy a lot part of the plantation area: "Velyka Zapadnya" – 66,1 %; "Balka Gostra" – 63,3 %; "Balka Gluboka" – 59,9%; "Urochyshe Paskove" – 45,9 %. The largest share of the area of protected objects Robinia pseudoacacia stands related to overmature age group with the total wood stock is 204,07 thousand m3.Quantitative and qualitative state of the natural reserve fund of the Dnipropetrovsk region is suboptimal and doesn't corresponmodern standards. The expansion of NRF is an urgent action, because the current levels of wilderness protection in this region is very distant from the European and cannot provide for the peculiar conservation of the natural flora and fauna and sustainable functional of the region's environment. But the increase the area of the protected objects and territories must will be on the land occupied by natural steppe ecosystems, but not on the artificial forests. Autotrophic component of ecosystems within a significant number of objects of natural reserve Fund, the subordinate DOLMG formed traducianism wood species with a high ecological valence – robno nesprawivaite prestigioso age. Conservation status of the objects of the NRF makes it impossible for the forestry measures, which leads to the formation of stands of poor sanitary condition and questioned the conservation value of these objects.

The purpose of the article is to assess the degree of development of the Kaniv reserve from the point of view of the modern concept of development of the reserve management.
The methodology. In the research we used a historical approach, a systematic approach, a comparative method was used as a main one. It is the comparative method that makes it possible to assess the state of reserves and their development prospects, to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
The results. On the example of the Kaniv natural reserve, there are significant gaps in the systemic development of the organization of the work of the reserve. Kaniv reserve was founded on July 30, 1923, and Khortytsia national reserve — much later, in 1965. Both reserves are characterized by the presence of a significant number of both natural and historical and cultural sites. However, the history of the creation of the two institutions was different. If the initial stage of their existence in both cases was characterized by the complexity of nature conservation and works on the protection of monuments, then in further history one can find differences in attitudes towards historical and cultural monuments and their research.
The scientific novelty of the article lies in the identification of shortcomings and omissions in the vector of development of nature reserves in Ukraine, in particular, Kaniv natural reserve.
The Khortytsia national reserve retains its complexity and constantly improves the forms of study and popularization of historical and cultural monuments and their museums. Unfortunately, there is no museum in the Kaniv reserve and in general archaeological monuments are not used in the excursion work of the reserve. This article studies this problem and suggests the ways to resolve it.
The practical significance of the article is to determine the possibilities of intensifying and improving the work of the reserve, in particular, increasing the level of tourism potential.

The creation of a public pension reserve fund is one of the reform measures that many countries implemented in order to guarantee the long term viability of existing government-operated pension systems. However, this measure raises the issue of the need to ensure sound management of those pension funds. This article focuses on the experience of the Portuguese public pension reserve fund and on the role it should accomplish in helping to finance the rising cost of public pensions. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p333

Reserves and sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) assets should be jointly considered for the assessment of global imbalances, hence their denomination as sovereign external assets (SEAs): both are public capital outflows from developing to developed countries, both hinder adjustment in current account surplus and deficit countries and, therefore, both contribute to sustain global imbalances. They represented 135 per cent and 50 per cent of net and gross US financing needs, respectively, in 2007. Reserves contribute 80 per cent and SWFs 20 per cent. They will go on providing resilience to the global imbalances, and the relative importance of SWFs is set to increase if commodity prices stay high.

In a centuries-old tradition, farmers in north-western Iceland scour remote coastal plains for the down of nesting eider ducks. High inside a cast cave in Borneo, men perched on rickety ladders collect swiftlets' nests, a delicacy believed to be a cure for almost anything. These luxury products are two of the seven natural wonders whose stories Harvest tells- eiderdown, vicuna wool, sea silk, vegetable ivory, civet coffee, guano and edible birds' nests. It follows their journey from the wildest parts of the planet, traversing Iceland, Indonesia, and Peru, to its urban centres, drawing on the voices of the gatherers, shearers and entrepreneurs who harvest, process and trade them. Blending interviews, history and travel writing, Harvest sets these human stories against our changing economic and ecological landscape, and makes us see the world with wonder, curiosity and new concern

Local government officials are operating in a policy void when it comes to the establishment and use of reserve funds. In part, this is due to confusion about the distinction between reserve and contingency funds. The limited research that has been conducted shows that relatively large sums of money are maintained in reserve by many local governments. Some governments refer to these sums as reserve funds and their intended use is clearly indicated in one or more local documents, such as a budget or audit/financial report. Others simply maintain an unreserved fund balance. This article identifies rationales for using reserve funds, discusses the alternative ways reserves are accumulated, and outlines key issues a local government financial plan should address when reserve funds are utilized.