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International audience ; Share cropping, a widespread practice before the revolution, which then was no longer talked about or was even denied during the process of agrarian reform, has been developing again in Mexico since the 1950s, in a revised form: cattle leasing. The resulting new social relationship has become characteristic of pioneer fronts of beef cattle breeding over a large portion of the tropical regions, particularly near the country's Atlantic coastline, receiving higher rainfall and more favourable for pasture to grow. In contrast to the classic form of share cropping, characterized by a monopoly the large-scale property owners exert over land, this version operates under a system of reverse tenancy. Most farmers benefiting from colonization programmes possessed insufficient means of production and were compelled to call upon the large-scale stockbreeders to provide them with the cattle necessary o develop the land they were allocated, in exchange for payment of half theproceeds to the livestock owner. The spread of cattle leasing therefore revealsa certain continuity in the balance of power between the different componentsof the rural society, persisting beyond the agrarian reform. Land ownership hasbecome a secondary component in these interrelationships,whereas controlover capital is now the important factor and is the basis of thelivestock owners'hegemony. ; Très répandu avant la révolution, puis largement passé sous silence ou nié pendant le processus de réforme agraire, le métayage s'est à nouveau développé au Mexique à partir des années cinquante, sous une forme renouvelée : le bail à cheptel. Ce nouveau rapport social est devenu caractéristique des fronts pionniers de l'élevage bovin-viande dans une grande partie des régions tropicales, notamment sur la façade atlantique du pays, mieux arrosée et plus propice à la croissance de l'herbe. Contrairement au métayage classique, caractérisé par le monopole exercé sur le foncier par le grand propriétaire, cette forme de métayage d'élevage s'est appuyée sur une inversion du rapport de propriété (reverse tenancy). Trop faiblement dotés de moyens de production, la majorité des bénéficiaires des programmes de colonisation a en effet été contrainte de faire appel à de grands éleveurs pour se procurer le bétail nécessaire à la mise en valeur des terres qui lui avaient été allouées, contre paiement de la moitié du produit au propriétaire du bétail. La généralisation des baux à cheptel révèle ainsi une certaine continuité dans les rapports de force entre les composantes du monde rural, au-delà de la réforme agraire : la propriété foncière est devenue une composante secondaire de ces rapports, tandis que la maîtrise du capital assied l'hégémonie du propriétaire du cheptel vif.

International audience ; Share cropping, a widespread practice before the revolution, which then was no longer talked about or was even denied during the process of agrarian reform, has been developing again in Mexico since the 1950s, in a revised form: cattle leasing. The resulting new social relationship has become characteristic of pioneer fronts of beef cattle breeding over a large portion of the tropical regions, particularly near the country's Atlantic coastline, receiving higher rainfall and more favourable for pasture to grow. In contrast to the classic form of share cropping, characterized by a monopoly the large-scale property owners exert over land, this version operates under a system of reverse tenancy. Most farmers benefiting from colonization programmes possessed insufficient means of production and were compelled to call upon the large-scale stockbreeders to provide them with the cattle necessary o develop the land they were allocated, in exchange for payment of half theproceeds to the livestock owner. The spread of cattle leasing therefore revealsa certain continuity in the balance of power between the different componentsof the rural society, persisting beyond the agrarian reform. Land ownership hasbecome a secondary component in these interrelationships,whereas controlover capital is now the important factor and is the basis of thelivestock owners'hegemony. ; Très répandu avant la révolution, puis largement passé sous silence ou nié pendant le processus de réforme agraire, le métayage s'est à nouveau développé au Mexique à partir des années cinquante, sous une forme renouvelée : le bail à cheptel. Ce nouveau rapport social est devenu caractéristique des fronts pionniers de l'élevage bovin-viande dans une grande partie des régions tropicales, notamment sur la façade atlantique du pays, mieux arrosée et plus propice à la croissance de l'herbe. Contrairement au métayage classique, caractérisé par le monopole exercé sur le foncier par le grand propriétaire, cette forme de métayage d'élevage s'est appuyée sur une inversion du rapport de propriété (reverse tenancy). Trop faiblement dotés de moyens de production, la majorité des bénéficiaires des programmes de colonisation a en effet été contrainte de faire appel à de grands éleveurs pour se procurer le bétail nécessaire à la mise en valeur des terres qui lui avaient été allouées, contre paiement de la moitié du produit au propriétaire du bétail. La généralisation des baux à cheptel révèle ainsi une certaine continuité dans les rapports de force entre les composantes du monde rural, au-delà de la réforme agraire : la propriété foncière est devenue une composante secondaire de ces rapports, tandis que la maîtrise du capital assied l'hégémonie du propriétaire du cheptel vif.

International audience ; Share cropping, a widespread practice before the revolution, which then was no longer talked about or was even denied during the process of agrarian reform, has been developing again in Mexico since the 1950s, in a revised form: cattle leasing. The resulting new social relationship has become characteristic of pioneer fronts of beef cattle breeding over a large portion of the tropical regions, particularly near the country's Atlantic coastline, receiving higher rainfall and more favourable for pasture to grow. In contrast to the classic form of share cropping, characterized by a monopoly the large-scale property owners exert over land, this version operates under a system of reverse tenancy. Most farmers benefiting from colonization programmes possessed insufficient means of production and were compelled to call upon the large-scale stockbreeders to provide them with the cattle necessary o develop the land they were allocated, in exchange for payment of half theproceeds to the livestock owner. The spread of cattle leasing therefore revealsa certain continuity in the balance of power between the different componentsof the rural society, persisting beyond the agrarian reform. Land ownership hasbecome a secondary component in these interrelationships,whereas controlover capital is now the important factor and is the basis of thelivestock owners'hegemony. ; Très répandu avant la révolution, puis largement passé sous silence ou nié pendant le processus de réforme agraire, le métayage s'est à nouveau développé au Mexique à partir des années cinquante, sous une forme renouvelée : le bail à cheptel. Ce nouveau rapport social est devenu caractéristique des fronts pionniers de l'élevage bovin-viande dans une grande partie des régions tropicales, notamment sur la façade atlantique du pays, mieux arrosée et plus propice à la croissance de l'herbe. Contrairement au métayage classique, caractérisé par le monopole exercé sur le foncier par le grand propriétaire, cette forme de métayage d'élevage s'est appuyée sur une inversion du rapport de propriété (reverse tenancy). Trop faiblement dotés de moyens de production, la majorité des bénéficiaires des programmes de colonisation a en effet été contrainte de faire appel à de grands éleveurs pour se procurer le bétail nécessaire à la mise en valeur des terres qui lui avaient été allouées, contre paiement de la moitié du produit au propriétaire du bétail. La généralisation des baux à cheptel révèle ainsi une certaine continuité dans les rapports de force entre les composantes du monde rural, au-delà de la réforme agraire : la propriété foncière est devenue une composante secondaire de ces rapports, tandis que la maîtrise du capital assied l'hégémonie du propriétaire du cheptel vif.

International audience ; Share cropping, a widespread practice before the revolution, which then was no longer talked about or was even denied during the process of agrarian reform, has been developing again in Mexico since the 1950s, in a revised form: cattle leasing. The resulting new social relationship has become characteristic of pioneer fronts of beef cattle breeding over a large portion of the tropical regions, particularly near the country's Atlantic coastline, receiving higher rainfall and more favourable for pasture to grow. In contrast to the classic form of share cropping, characterized by a monopoly the large-scale property owners exert over land, this version operates under a system of reverse tenancy. Most farmers benefiting from colonization programmes possessed insufficient means of production and were compelled to call upon the large-scale stockbreeders to provide them with the cattle necessary o develop the land they were allocated, in exchange for payment of half theproceeds to the livestock owner. The spread of cattle leasing therefore revealsa certain continuity in the balance of power between the different componentsof the rural society, persisting beyond the agrarian reform. Land ownership hasbecome a secondary component in these interrelationships,whereas controlover capital is now the important factor and is the basis of thelivestock owners'hegemony. ; Très répandu avant la révolution, puis largement passé sous silence ou nié pendant le processus de réforme agraire, le métayage s'est à nouveau développé au Mexique à partir des années cinquante, sous une forme renouvelée : le bail à cheptel. Ce nouveau rapport social est devenu caractéristique des fronts pionniers de l'élevage bovin-viande dans une grande partie des régions tropicales, notamment sur la façade atlantique du pays, mieux arrosée et plus propice à la croissance de l'herbe. Contrairement au métayage classique, caractérisé par le monopole exercé sur le foncier par le grand propriétaire, cette forme de métayage d'élevage s'est appuyée sur une inversion du rapport de propriété (reverse tenancy). Trop faiblement dotés de moyens de production, la majorité des bénéficiaires des programmes de colonisation a en effet été contrainte de faire appel à de grands éleveurs pour se procurer le bétail nécessaire à la mise en valeur des terres qui lui avaient été allouées, contre paiement de la moitié du produit au propriétaire du bétail. La généralisation des baux à cheptel révèle ainsi une certaine continuité dans les rapports de force entre les composantes du monde rural, au-delà de la réforme agraire : la propriété foncière est devenue une composante secondaire de ces rapports, tandis que la maîtrise du capital assied l'hégémonie du propriétaire du cheptel vif.

The emergence of a world economy depends on the reorganization of agriculture and food systems to provision the work force and the industries associated with the division of labor. This work emphasizes the central role played by food and agriculture in the world economy. The book includes a historical dimension along with the formulation of the challenges that face the world today. Social scientists of all kinds, but especially economists, sociologists, environmentalists, and political scientists, should be interested in this volume

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for further development of the lending system for agricultural producers in Ukraine, determine the feasibility of creating agricultural cooperative banks, the development of land mortgage lending and other instruments of financial and credit support, taking into account the best world experience and the specifics of the functioning of the agricultural sector of the economy. Research methods. A dialectical method of scientific knowledge has been used, as well as a systematic research approach using the experience of lending in other countries, taking into account the results of scientific research by domestic scientists and reasonable assessments of the current state of credit services for agricultural producers, a set of methods for processing statistical data characterizing the dynamics and corresponding trends. Research results. The ways of further development of the system of financial and credit support of agricultural producers as an important component of agrarian transformations are determined, the best world experience is summarized, the assessment of the current state of lending to the agricultural economy is given. Scientific novelty. The further improvement of the credit support system for the needs of participants in the agricultural market in modern conditions was substantiated, as an important component of the comprehensive institutional support of the reform processes in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Practical significance. The results of the study can be taken into account in the practical activities of government bodies, by participants in the agricultural market and the banking system, in the deepening of scientific research, in the educational process. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 17.

Land rights in agrarian law consist of two types, namely land rights for a specified period and land rights with no specific period. The community has a lack of understanding regarding land rights over a specified period, and thus, it has caused problems in the community; precisely, if the land rights have expired, the government will erase the rights and claim it as state-owned land. However, the previous landowners assumed that the existing building was their property even though the land rights had been terminated. There are a high number of disputes over ownership of land rights due to maturity. Therefore, we examine the existence of priority principles in the acquisition of land rights that have matured. The research is qualitative legal research that uses the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. Results show that the holder of land rights that have matured can be given a priority in regaining land rights, but with certain conditions set by the government.

International audience ; Over the course of its two thousand year agrarian history, crop and animal husbandry practices in Burundi have undergone profound changes that have led to the transformation of one agrarian system to another. Based on an in-depth study of the agricultural history of the country, this article analyzes the agrarian crisis that began prior to colonial intervention. The author shows how this multi-faceted crisis must be interpreted as an endogenous crisis that was a result of demographic conditions surpassing the capacity of the agrarian system. The author also illustrates how the agricultural policies of the colonial administration contributed to the exceptional prolongation—rather than resolution—of the crisis.

International audience ; Over the course of its two thousand year agrarian history, crop and animal husbandry practices in Burundi have undergone profound changes that have led to the transformation of one agrarian system to another. Based on an in-depth study of the agricultural history of the country, this article analyzes the agrarian crisis that began prior to colonial intervention. The author shows how this multi-faceted crisis must be interpreted as an endogenous crisis that was a result of demographic conditions surpassing the capacity of the agrarian system. The author also illustrates how the agricultural policies of the colonial administration contributed to the exceptional prolongation—rather than resolution—of the crisis.

International audience ; Over the course of its two thousand year agrarian history, crop and animal husbandry practices in Burundi have undergone profound changes that have led to the transformation of one agrarian system to another. Based on an in-depth study of the agricultural history of the country, this article analyzes the agrarian crisis that began prior to colonial intervention. The author shows how this multi-faceted crisis must be interpreted as an endogenous crisis that was a result of demographic conditions surpassing the capacity of the agrarian system. The author also illustrates how the agricultural policies of the colonial administration contributed to the exceptional prolongation—rather than resolution—of the crisis.

International audience ; Over the course of its two thousand year agrarian history, crop and animal husbandry practices in Burundi have undergone profound changes that have led to the transformation of one agrarian system to another. Based on an in-depth study of the agricultural history of the country, this article analyzes the agrarian crisis that began prior to colonial intervention. The author shows how this multi-faceted crisis must be interpreted as an endogenous crisis that was a result of demographic conditions surpassing the capacity of the agrarian system. The author also illustrates how the agricultural policies of the colonial administration contributed to the exceptional prolongation—rather than resolution—of the crisis.

International audience ; Over the course of its two thousand year agrarian history, crop and animal husbandry practices in Burundi have undergone profound changes that have led to the transformation of one agrarian system to another. Based on an in-depth study of the agricultural history of the country, this article analyzes the agrarian crisis that began prior to colonial intervention. The author shows how this multi-faceted crisis must be interpreted as an endogenous crisis that was a result of demographic conditions surpassing the capacity of the agrarian system. The author also illustrates how the agricultural policies of the colonial administration contributed to the exceptional prolongation—rather than resolution—of the crisis.