Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the research is to analyze the preconditions and the circumstances of the settlement of the German colonists in Poltava region; to reveal the role of the ethnic Germans in the political, socio-economic and spiritual development of the region. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systemicity, scientism, verification, the author's objectivity, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic, historical and chronological) methods. The scientific novelty – on the basis of the published sources and the scientific works, the reasons, the preconditions for the emergence of the German settlers in Poltava region have been determined; their role in the political, economic, social, cultural and spiritual life of the region has been highlighted; the contribution of the people of German nationality to the Russian army and health care in the first half of the ХІХth century has been researched. Conclusions. The revealed documents and the literary sources, despite their scarcity, still allow us to analyze the life and the activities of the German colonies in Poltava region. The settlement of Poltava region by the German settlers took place in the context of the general-imperial resettlement policy of the Russian government in the late XVIIIth – the early ХІХth century with the corresponding imperial tendencies. The Germans-settlers, who arrived in Poltava region on the invitation of the duke Olexiy Kurakin, made a lot for the development of the region. Thanks to them, the sheep breeding developed at a very high pace, because the Russian army and the fleet, and the construction industry were provided with a good quality cloth. The Germans-settlers began the development of the landed feudal factories, taught and prepared many masters for them. With the genesis of the bourgeois relations in the Russian Empire, the construction of the large factories with the significant capital and machines for the manufacture of cloths, a hand-made production of the German weaving settlers was not on time. They worked hard, but this work did not bring the desired profits and did not allow them to have a good life. That fact explains the reduction of such «home factories» of the German settlers, and hence the reduction of the masters-workers. The reduction subsequently led to the elimination of these small enterprises. The German settlers in Poltava region had their own special socio-economic characteristics: a significant potential and the propensity to entrepreneurship, wealth, responsibility, honesty in business. The economic development of the colonies depended on the raw materials, the skills of the settlers, and the relations with the local authorities.

The article reveals the main problems of the formation of the Ukrainian political and managerial elite and staffing in the united territorial communities. It is proved that the Soviet regime exterminated the social ground on which the Ukrainian national elite was formed, which is capable to think contemporary and act. The role of the elite during the existence of the Soviet Union was carried out by a nomenclature whose main characteristics did not correspond to the modern model of the elite. Because of this, the politicalmanagerial elite in Ukraine at the beginning of independence was represented by the former nomenklatura, therefore, ideologically, incapable of carrying out the necessary reforms.Today, the result of the formation of a political and managerial elite is often a combination of two morals: the old nomenclature, which is based on a tendency towards higher and contempt for the lower and new business, the principle of which is disregard for the law, the priority of selfish clan-corporate interests, this explains the high level corruption in their echans of government.In this article, the authors emphasize that for the successful realization of today's challenges, leaders with a thorough economic, political, legal education, strong innovative potential, who have knowledge of the secrets of public administration, who are able to persuade, take care of their Ukrainians and conduct them for by itself. Such managers should be characterized by business, responsibility, aspiration for various decisions and accord in a society that can establish strong and effective contacts with the opposition. ; Розкрито основні проблеми формування української політичної та управлінської еліти та кадрового забезпечення в об'єднаних територіальних громадах. Доведено, що радянський режим винищив соціальну основу, на якій формувалася українська національна еліта, здатна мислити сучасним і діяти. Роль еліти за час існування Радянського Союзу здійснювалася номенклатурою, основні характеристики якої не відповідали сучасній моделі еліти. Через це політично-управлінська еліта в Україні на початку незалежності була представлена колишньою номенклатурою, отже, ідеологічно нездатна здійснити необхідні реформи.Сьогодні результатом формування політичної та управлінської еліти часто є поєднання двох моральних засад: старої номенклатури, що базується на тенденції до вищого і зневажливого ставлення до нового і нового бізнесу, принцип якого ігнорується. Закон, пріоритет егоїстичних кланових корпоративних інтересів, це пояснює високий рівень корупції в їх еханах влади.У цій статті автори підкреслюють, що для успішної реалізації сьогоднішніх викликів, лідери з ретельною економічною, політичною, юридичною освітою, сильним інноваційним потенціалом, які володіють знаннями таємниць державного управління, здатні переконати їхніх українців і проводити їх для себе. Такі менеджери повинні характеризуватися бізнесом, відповідальністю, прагненням до різноманітних рішень і згодою в суспільстві, яке може встановити міцні та ефективні контакти з опозицією.

The article reveals the main problems of the formation of the Ukrainian political and managerial elite and staffing in the united territorial communities. It is proved that the Soviet regime exterminated the social ground on which the Ukrainian national elite was formed, which is capable to think contemporary and act. The role of the elite during the existence of the Soviet Union was carried out by a nomenclature whose main characteristics did not correspond to the modern model of the elite. Because of this, the politicalmanagerial elite in Ukraine at the beginning of independence was represented by the former nomenklatura, therefore, ideologically, incapable of carrying out the necessary reforms.Today, the result of the formation of a political and managerial elite is often a combination of two morals: the old nomenclature, which is based on a tendency towards higher and contempt for the lower and new business, the principle of which is disregard for the law, the priority of selfish clan-corporate interests, this explains the high level corruption in their echans of government.In this article, the authors emphasize that for the successful realization of today's challenges, leaders with a thorough economic, political, legal education, strong innovative potential, who have knowledge of the secrets of public administration, who are able to persuade, take care of their Ukrainians and conduct them for by itself. Such managers should be characterized by business, responsibility, aspiration for various decisions and accord in a society that can establish strong and effective contacts with the opposition. ; Розкрито основні проблеми формування української політичної та управлінської еліти та кадрового забезпечення в об'єднаних територіальних громадах. Доведено, що радянський режим винищив соціальну основу, на якій формувалася українська національна еліта, здатна мислити сучасним і діяти. Роль еліти за час існування Радянського Союзу здійснювалася номенклатурою, основні характеристики якої не відповідали сучасній моделі еліти. Через це політично-управлінська еліта в Україні на початку незалежності була представлена колишньою номенклатурою, отже, ідеологічно нездатна здійснити необхідні реформи.Сьогодні результатом формування політичної та управлінської еліти часто є поєднання двох моральних засад: старої номенклатури, що базується на тенденції до вищого і зневажливого ставлення до нового і нового бізнесу, принцип якого ігнорується. Закон, пріоритет егоїстичних кланових корпоративних інтересів, це пояснює високий рівень корупції в їх еханах влади.У цій статті автори підкреслюють, що для успішної реалізації сьогоднішніх викликів, лідери з ретельною економічною, політичною, юридичною освітою, сильним інноваційним потенціалом, які володіють знаннями таємниць державного управління, здатні переконати їхніх українців і проводити їх для себе. Такі менеджери повинні характеризуватися бізнесом, відповідальністю, прагненням до різноманітних рішень і згодою в суспільстві, яке може встановити міцні та ефективні контакти з опозицією.

Adopted by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in December 2018, the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and its Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) point to a paradigm shift in international refugee policy. The social and economic independence of refugees in destination countries and communities in particular is to be increased. In return, the international community commits to engage in burden- and responsibility-sharing by supporting hosting countries and communities with knowledge and resources. With this new deal, the UN announced its intention to break existing vicious cycles of displacement and dependence on aid in order to ensure that refugees and host communities benefit equally from the measures. The East African nation of Kenya is one of 15 pilot countries working to promote the implementation of the CRRF. The Kenyan Government pledged at the UN Summit for Refugees and Migrants in September 2016 to integrate refugees more effectively and involve them in national and local development planning processes. It underscored its commitments in March 2017 in the context of the regional Nairobi Declaration and Action Plan (NAP). While the national operational plan announced at the time has not yet been adopted, individual commitments are already being implemented. These also include the (further) development of the integrated refugee settlement of Kalobeyei in Turkana Country in the far north-west of the country, a project supported by the international community as part of the CRRF, but originally initiated at local level. The example of Kenya and Turkana County shows that the (capacity for) implementation of global agreements depends not least on the specific interests of sub-national actors. Requirements of the CRRF, such as better infrastructure for refugees and host communities, are compatible with the local government's economic development priorities. The capacity of Kenyan counties to take action has also been improved as a result of the decentralisation process in 2010. To a certain degree at least, counties can challenge the national security-related narratives which restrict the opportunities of refugees to participate in society to this day. In neighbouring Tanzania, implementation of the CRRF failed due in no small part to the fact that barely any consideration was given to the concerns of local actors in the nation's centralised political system. Based on our analysis, we make the following recommendations for German development policy: Local state and non-governmental actors should be involved in drafting global norms and dialogue between municipalities should be promoted, Partner governments should be made aware of the benefits of integrating refugees and political and administrative implementation should be supported, Local stakeholders should be actively involved and supported in the planning and prioritisation of refugee integration strategies.

What do I mean by the title, The Carnival of Popularity? And how exactly does it fit with the theme of our congress? The Carnival of Popularity grew up around a single initial stimulus. It was a 1.5-minute film clip, from 1927, found on social media, showing a pageant or carnival conducted by Shetland Islanders in a poor, rural community in the far North of the British Isles.1 What made me write about, around and in response to this clip was a certain hunch or intuition that here might lie some clue, maybe even some possible solution, to one of the biggest cultural and political problems facing us today, i.e. the erosion of a once progressive and optimistic, post WW2 model or ideal, of an increasingly mobile, multicultural and international society, the threatened collapse of that ideal into today's increasingly divided societies. I'm talking about the corruption and diversion of democracy's promissory trajectory by the rising forces of populism. I'm talking about trying to rescue that trajectory Paul O'Kane is a critic, musician, and author. In both his practice and his lectures, he connects criticism and popular culture; in doing so, he stands for a perspective that knows and reflects class struggles and seeks a dissenting voice, with which the power of the popular opposes the calls to power of populism. O'Kane presents the carnival – or, more methodologically speaking – the carnivalesque as a historical form of cultural production ›from below‹ and asks about the possibilities of transferring carnivalesque practices into today's culture and class struggles. In addition to cultural-historical examples, concepts by thinkers such as Mikhail Bakhtin, Jacques Rancière and Walter Benjamin are also brought into focus. Finally, the question arises as to whether carnivalesque strategies are also suitable for an art-critical practice, and whether they are advisable to position the popular against the populist. --- My role as editor and copy-editor of the English edition of this publication, which documents the 52nd International Congress of the Art Critics Association (AICA), which met in 2019 in Cologne and Berlin to discuss the topic of Art Criticism in Times of Populism and Nationalism. More than forty speakers and moderators provided a definition of populism, addressed issues of discrimination, censorship in many countries, and the appropriation of artistic strategies in 'right-wing' language use. The autonomy and responsibility of art and art criticism were also thematised. The discussions reproduced here in text form reveal the full complexity of the topic. The documentation is published in two separate German and English volumes. CITE THUS: Perrier, Danièle (Ed.): Art Criticism in Times of Populism and Nationalism: Proceedings of the 52nd International AICA Congress, Cologne/Berlin 1–7 October 2019, Heidelberg: arthistoricum.net, 2021. https://doi.org/10.11588/arthistoricum.891

The purpose of the research is to analyze the preconditions and the circumstances of the settlement of the German colonists in Poltava region; to reveal the role of the ethnic Germans in the political, socio-economic and spiritual development of the region. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systemicity, scientism, verification, the author's objectivity, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic, historical and chronological) methods. The scientific novelty – on the basis of the published sources and the scientific works, the reasons, the preconditions for the emergence of the German settlers in Poltava region have been determined; their role in the political, economic, social, cultural and spiritual life of the region has been highlighted; the contribution of the people of German nationality to the Russian army and health care in the first half of the ХІХth century has been researched. Conclusions. The revealed documents and the literary sources, despite their scarcity, still allow us to analyze the life and the activities of the German colonies in Poltava region. The settlement of Poltava region by the German settlers took place in the context of the general-imperial resettlement policy of the Russian government in the late XVIIIth – the early ХІХth century with the corresponding imperial tendencies. The Germans-settlers, who arrived in Poltava region on the invitation of the duke Olexiy Kurakin, made a lot for the development of the region. Thanks to them, the sheep breeding developed at a very high pace, because the Russian army and the fleet, and the construction industry were provided with a good quality cloth. The Germans-settlers began the development of the landed feudal factories, taught and prepared many masters for them. With the genesis of the bourgeois relations in the Russian Empire, the construction of the large factories with the significant capital and machines for the manufacture of cloths, a hand-made production of the German weaving settlers was not on time. They worked hard, but this work did not bring the desired profits and did not allow them to have a good life. That fact explains the reduction of such «home factories» of the German settlers, and hence the reduction of the masters-workers. The reduction subsequently led to the elimination of these small enterprises. The German settlers in Poltava region had their own special socio-economic characteristics: a significant potential and the propensity to entrepreneurship, wealth, responsibility, honesty in business. The economic development of the colonies depended on the raw materials, the skills of the settlers, and the relations with the local authorities.

Teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak, üçüncü kişilerin markaları internette kullanabilmelerine olanak sağlayan yeni birçok yöntem ortaya çıkmış ve böylelikle online/çevrimiçi ortam marka hakkının ihlali için yeni ve önemli bir mecra haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, işaretin marka sahibinin izni olmaksızın üçüncü kişilerce kullanıldığı bazı durumlarda klasik marka hukuku prensiplerinin online ortamlarda gerçekleşen kullanımlara uygulanması mümkün olmayabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, mevcut marka hukuku mevzuatı ve içtihadı bu gelişmelere göre yeniden düzenlenmekte ve adapte edilmektedir.Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde, marka hakkının ihlali için gerçekleşmesi gereken genel şartlar Türk ve AB Marka Hukuku kapsamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, internet üzerinde gerçekleşen kullanımlar vasıtasıyla marka hakkının nasıl ihlal edildiği, bu ihlal hallerinin Türk ve AB mevzuat ve içtihadında ne şekilde değerlendirildiği belirlenmiş, farklılıklar ortaya konmuştur. Bu bağlamda, markanın alan adlarında kullanımları, anahtar sözcük, yönlendirici kod olarak arama bazlı internet reklamcılığındaki kullanımları, online sanal marketler ile online sosyal medyadaki kullanımları incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda ihlal teşkil ettiği ileri sürülen kullanımlar bakımından ileri sürülebilecek savunmalar ise sonrasında açıklanmıştır. İhlal teşkil eden kullanımlar sonucunda ortaya çıkan sorumluluk rejimi önem arz etmektedir. Bu bakımdan, çalışmanın üçüncü bölümü de internet üzerinde faaliyet gösteren aktörlerin sorumluluklarına dairdir. --- In parallel with the developments in the technology, the internet has become an important medium on which trademarks can be used with or without the consent of the trademark proprietor. Moreover, in some cases where the trademark is used by third parties without the consent of the trademark proprietor, the application of the classical trademark law principles may not fit to the uses made on the online environment. In this respect, the current trademark law and the case-law for the protection of trademark rights have been rearranged and adopted according to these developments. The thesis consists of three sections. In the first section, the general conditions of infringement of trademark rights within the scope of the European Union and Turkish Trademark Law are examined. In the second section, how the trademark is infringed through uses on the internet and how they are assessed under the European Union and Turkish legislation and case-law is determined, and their differences are revealed. In this respect, uses of the trademark in domain names, in keywords and metatags in the context of online search-based advertisement, in online market places and in the social media are examined. The defenses that can be alleged against these uses made on the internet are explained thereafter.The responsibility regime in consequence of the infringing uses is of importance. In that regard, the third section of the thesis is dedicated to the liability of the actors who operate on the internet.

The purpose of the research is to analyze the preconditions and the circumstances of the settlement of the German colonists in Poltava region; to reveal the role of the ethnic Germans in the political, socio-economic and spiritual development of the region. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systemicity, scientism, verification, the author's objectivity, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic, historical and chronological) methods. The scientific novelty – on the basis of the published sources and the scientific works, the reasons, the preconditions for the emergence of the German settlers in Poltava region have been determined; their role in the political, economic, social, cultural and spiritual life of the region has been highlighted; the contribution of the people of German nationality to the Russian army and health care in the first half of the ХІХth century has been researched. Conclusions. The revealed documents and the literary sources, despite their scarcity, still allow us to analyze the life and the activities of the German colonies in Poltava region. The settlement of Poltava region by the German settlers took place in the context of the general-imperial resettlement policy of the Russian government in the late XVIIIth – the early ХІХth century with the corresponding imperial tendencies. The Germans-settlers, who arrived in Poltava region on the invitation of the duke Olexiy Kurakin, made a lot for the development of the region. Thanks to them, the sheep breeding developed at a very high pace, because the Russian army and the fleet, and the construction industry were provided with a good quality cloth. The Germans-settlers began the development of the landed feudal factories, taught and prepared many masters for them. With the genesis of the bourgeois relations in the Russian Empire, the construction of the large factories with the significant capital and machines for the manufacture of cloths, a hand-made production of the German weaving settlers was not on time. They worked hard, but this work did not bring the desired profits and did not allow them to have a good life. That fact explains the reduction of such «home factories» of the German settlers, and hence the reduction of the masters-workers. The reduction subsequently led to the elimination of these small enterprises. The German settlers in Poltava region had their own special socio-economic characteristics: a significant potential and the propensity to entrepreneurship, wealth, responsibility, honesty in business. The economic development of the colonies depended on the raw materials, the skills of the settlers, and the relations with the local authorities.

Досліджено сучасний стан реалізації функції планування при здійсненні управління державним бюджетом України. Аргументовано доцільність запровадження в українську практику довгострокового та середньострокового фінансового планування, що охоплювало б усі складові державних фінансів, у т.ч. й державний бюджет. Обґрунтовано необхідність формування теоретико-організаційних і нормативно-правових засад, які урегулюють сутність та порядок планування на перспективу. Запропоновано стратегічне фінансове планування на макрорівні ґрунтувати на оцінці ресурсів та можливостей їх використання, що сприятиме збалансуванню суспільних інтересів і фінансового потенціалу країни. Визначено, що довгострокові бюджетні плани повинні містити загальні показники бюджетного ресурсу, необхідного для виконання регламентованих затвердженою стратегією розвитку або програмою провладної партії, завдань. Проаналізовано норми законодавства, які передбачають необхідність здійснення середньострокового планування в Україні та доведено їх декларативність. Висунуто думку про те, що здійснення середньострокового ковзного фінансового та бюджетного планування сприятиме проведенню послідовної державної політики і підвищенню відповідальності управлінців перед суспільством. Сформовано пропозиції щодо порядку складання перспективних бюджетних планів, зокрема, за рахунок використання інформаційного підходу та закладання запропонованих індикаторів суспільного розвитку. Доведено необхідність встановлення мораторію на внесення змін у короткострокові бюджетні плани, що дозволить суспільству отримувати достовірну інформацію про їх виконання. ; The research is devoted to the study of the modern state of the implementation of the planning function. It is advisable to introduce the long-term and medium-term financial planning into the Ukrainian practice, which would cover all еру components of public finances including the state budget. The necessity of forming the theoretical, organizational, and normative-legal bases that will regulate the essence and order of planning for the future is substantiated. It is proposed to base strategic financial planning at the macro level on the assessment of resources and opportunities for their use, which will help to balance the public interest and financial potential of the country. It is determined that long-term budget plans should include the general indicators of the budget resource, needed for implementation tasks that is provided by the development strategy or program of the ruling party. The article analyzes the legislative norms, which regulate the implementation of the medium-term planning in Ukraine, and proves their declarativeness. The author expresses the view that the implementation of medium-term gliding financial and budgetary planning will promote a consistent state policy and increase the responsibility of managers to society. The paper formulates the proposals on the procedure for drawing up the perspective budget plans, also through the use of the information approach and the proposed indicators of social developmen. The author proves the need to establish the moratorium on making changes to the short-term budget plans that will allow the public to receive reliable information on their execution.

The problem of professional formation of teachers and their activity in a multiethnic region requires special attention, as modern political realia urge for tolerant interaction with cosmopolitan student and parent groups, which is possible only if the cross-cultural competence of a specialist has been formed earlier, including: knowledge of the culture and history, ability to generate and bring the ideas of world into the content of general education to reflect its diversity; the ability to organize pedagogical process as a dialogue of different cultures in time and space. This implies awareness of the motives for multicultural activities in a multinational environment: needs and interests, aspirations, value orientations, motives; assessment of personal traits and qualities of future specialist; readiness to carry out professional activity in a multicultural educational space; formation of interethnic tolerance and regulation on its basis of their professionalism in accordance with the working modules of a specific society. The purpose of the article is to reveal the practice features of «Bachelor» and «Master» degree students by specialty 013 «Primary education», taking into account the specifics of a polyethnic region. Methods research used: analysis of scientific data, Internet resources, Ph.D. dissertations in the study field, the methods of practice organisation for «Bachelor» and «Master» degree students by specialty 013 «Primary education»; observation, conversation, testing, questionnaires, diagnostic work. Working with the students in a multi-ethnic environment, future teachers begin to realize that they must be constantly engaged into the process of self-education and self-development, formation of interethnic tolerance, social stance, etc. It is during the practice that a student can really learn to respect, love and perceive the children as they are, to form tolerance, endurance, responsibility and sense of duty, to master the specifics of work (peculiarities of educational and cultural positions, customs and traditions, language) with children and parents − representatives of national minorities, religions, races, etc. That is, during practical pedagogical activity, in a polyethnic environment, personal and professional qualities of the future teacher should be applied. ; Актуальність процесу формування міжетнічної толерантності майбутніх учителів початкових класів у процесі практичної підготовки зумовлена сучасним станом розвитку системи освіти України як багатонаціональної держави. Мета нашого дослідження − розкрити особливості практики студентів спеціальності 013 «Початкова освіта» освітнього ступеня «Бакалавр» і «Магістр» з урахуванням специфіки поліетнічного регіону, для досягнення якої використано такі методи: аналіз наукових джерел, інтернет-ресурсів, дисертацій з означеної проблеми, вивчення методики організації практики для студентів спеціальності 013 «Початкова освіта»; спостереження, бесіда, тестування, анкетування, діагностична робота. Представлено авторські методичні рекомендації «Формування міжетнічної толерантності майбутніх учителів початкових класів у процесі практичної підготовки», які забезпечать студентам-практикантам оволодіння специфікою професійної діяльності в поліетнічному регіоні.

This thesis examines the prospects and potentials of implementing the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (GPs), in the extractive industry in Nigeria. It considers the prospects of amending existing laws and strengthening regulatory agencies. At the same time, it explores the option of creating new business and human rights institutional agencies to address corporate and business-related human rights abuse. Using the elements of the rights-based approach, the linkages between human rights and extractive activities are examined. The lack of an effective legal and institutional framework to integrate human rights protections into environmental laws has prevented communities which host extractive projects from realising their human rights. On 16th June 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council, unanimously endorsed the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights which provide guidelines for the state's duty to protect human rights, corporate responsibility to respect human rights and access to remedies for victims of corporate-related human rights violations. The GPs provide a rights based approach to safeguarding extractive resource governance, pertinent to a jurisdiction like Nigeria. Drawing significant lessons from South Africa - due to its proactive legislation imposing human rights compliance on companies - the research examines the potential of implementing the GPs in Nigeria's extractive resource industry. A combination of doctrinal and empirical research is utilised in the examination of the subject matter. A key finding of the research is that a proactive implementation of the GPs will reduce or prevent the harmful exploitation of natural resources, thereby creating a positive extractive resource governance and guaranteeing sustainable development. The critical steps towards implementation would be to integrate the GPs into current laws in a way that does not undermine the social contract, but enhances positive governance within communities. The contribution of the thesis in this respect is the development of a legal and institutional framework through which human rights principles can be integrated into domestic legal regimes in the extractive resource industry in Nigeria so as to guide the implementation of the GPs The rights-based approach adopted in the research provides a pathway for the sustainable development of Nigeria's extractive resources. South Africa is at the forefront of the campaign for a binding business and human rights treaty and its domestic legal regime and judicial activity continue to demonstrate the progressive realisation of human rights. Only credible institutions infused with an in-depth understanding of the socio-economic, cultural and political realities of extractive communities can legislate properly for them and monitor compliance. The GPs present a valuable roadmap for strengthening institutions to ensure that business activities in the extractive industry and beyond are not devoid of pertinent human rights considerations.

Purpose. The American Library Association's 1982 statement[1] on Diversity in Collection Development reminds librarians of the professional responsibility "to select and support the access to materials on all subjects that meet, as closely as possible, the needs, interests, and abilities of all persons in the community the library serves. This includes materials that reflect political, economic, religious, social, minority, and sexual issues." In an effort to ensure that the collection of the William H. Hannon Library (of Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA {LMU}) aligns with its institutional vision[2] (including "bridging disciplines" and "representing diverse topics and perspectives") and meets the research needs of a diverse campus population, a team of library staff has designed a project to assess the library's electronic collection through the lens of diversity. While some similar studies have been done at larger research institutions (notably that of Ciszek and Young (2010)),[3] this project further interrogates inclusivity in database collections and integrates LMU student learning into the research process. The results of the evaluation will inform the library collection strategy and ensure that collections are built that deliberately and positively contribute to an inclusive campus climate. Methods. Guided by the project team, a select group of library student employees will be working in spring 2018 to use a series of pre-determined keyword phrases to search through about two-hundred of the LMU library's databases. The project team will code the keyword phrases into categories of diversity, so that the library can better understand its e-resource collection. Categories like Disability, People of Color, and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender will be used to determine if content is well represented in the collection, particularly compared to the vendor supplied description. In addition to conducting the keyword phrase searches, the student evaluation team will respond to reflective prompts along the way, answering questions like, "Based on the search results, do you consider the database to be 'diverse'?" and "Would you recommend this database to someone doing research about diversity or inclusion, in your major? Why or why not?" Findings and Value. The project team is anticipating the completion of the student evaluation, so that they can determine if the library collection is diverse, or if there are gaps in the electronic resource collection that can be strategically filled. The process and results of this study will be shared as broadly as possible, with an outline of subsequent actions to be taken. [1] https://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=interpretations&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=8530 [2] http://library.lmu.edu/aboutthelibrary/libraryvisionmission/ [3] Ciszek, Matthew P., and Courtney L. Young, (2010), "Diversity collection assessment in large academic libraries", Collection Building, Vol. 29 Iss 4 pp. 154 – 161.

ABSTRAK Hak mendahului (hak preferen) upah pekerja dalam perkara kepailitan perusahaan sebaiknya dilakukan dengan penerapan asas kepastian hukum dan keadilan serta manfaat, hal ini dimaksudkan agar efektivitas penerapan dan pelaksanaan dari putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi(MK) No. 67/PUU-XI/2013 yang menyatakan upah pekerja harus didahulukan dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Terdapat benturan kepentingan antara kreditor saat terjadi kepailitan dan mudahnya syarat kepailitan. Putusan MK pertama lebih mengedepankan asas kepastian hukum daripada asas keadilan dan sependapat dengan pemerintah lebih melindungi investor daripada pekerja. MK menolak permohonan para Pemohon. Putusan MK kedua Majelis hakim bersifat responsif dalam memutus permohonan, menjunjung tinggi nilai keadilan berdasarkan pada nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dengan mempertimbangkan subjek hukum, objek hukum dan risiko yang timbul akibat kepilitan. MK menerima permohonan para Pemohon sebagian. Inkonsistensi penegakkan hukum bertentangan dengan konsep negara kesejahteraan dimana tugas negara memikul tanggungjawab mewujudkan keadilan sosial, kesejahteraan umum dan sebesar-besarnya untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Keadilan terhadap kedudukan pekerja dengan kreditor lainnya dapat terwujud apabila masyarakat menganut prinsip keadilan yang sama atau mempunyai pokok pikiran yang sama dalam perkara kepailitan. Kata Kunci : " Hak Preferen, Upah Pekerja, Kepailitanâ€. ABSTRACT Preemptive rights (preferential rights) of workers' wages in the case of corporate bankruptcy should be carried out with the application of the principle of legal certainty and justice and benefits, this is intended so that the effectiveness of the implementation and implementation of the Constitutional Court decision No. 67 / PUU-XI / 2013 which states that workers' wages must take precedence can be carried out well. There is a conflict of interest between creditors when bankruptcy occurs and easy bankruptcy requirements. The first decision of the Constitutional Court to prioritize the principle of legal certainty over the principle of justice and agree with the government to protect investors more than workers. The Court rejected the Petitioners' petition. The second Constitutional Court verdict The panel of judges is responsive in deciding the petition, upholding the value of justice based on human values by considering legal subjects, legal objects and risks arising from constriction. The Court accepted the request of the Petitioners in part. The inconsistency in enforcing the law contradicts the concept of a welfare state where the duty of the state to assume responsibility is to realize social justice, public welfare and as much as possible for the prosperity of the people. Justice towards the position of workers with other creditors can be realized if the community adheres to the same principle of justice or has the same subject matter in bankruptcy cases. Keywords: "Preferential Rights, Workers' Wages, Bankruptcy".

У статті проаналізовано основні напрями попередження девіантної поведінки студентів у закладах вищої освіти. До провідних напрямів віднесено: удосконалення системи роботи закладів вищої освіти з формування здорового способу життя; підготовку викладачів до формування здорового способу життя студентів, профілактики їхньої девіантної поведінки; вивчення теоретичних основ профілактики девіантної поведінки студентів вищої школи в поєднанні з практичною реалізацією їх вимог у повсякденній життєдіяльності; просвіту батьків про здоровий спосіб життя, профілактику шкідливих звичок, шляхи вироблення в молоді імунітету до негативних впливів оточуючого середовища; широку пропаганда питань профілактики девіантної поведінки студентів у засобах масової інформації; відновлення і вдосконалення студентського самоврядування, яке розвиває організаторські здібності, почуття відповідальності, ініціативу, на якому можна побудувати роботу студентської молоді з профілактики девіантної поведінки за участю вчителів та батьків. До перспективної тематики подальших наукових пошуків віднесено питання організації профілактичної діяльності зі студентами на заняттях з фізичної культури та спорту. ; Today in Ukraine the problem of prevention of students' deviant behavior becomes especially acute due to the fact that the upbringing of the younger generation occurs in difficult social, economic and political conditions. This situation leads to the increase of deviations in the youth environment: the increase in the number of students who violate the rules of behavior, following the road of alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, who are HIV-infected; the proportion of unlawful, aggressive behavior of the student youth goes up. While searching effective ways of scientific solution of these problems it is necessary to determine the main directions of prevention of students' deviant behavior in high school. The study and synthesis of scientific and pedagogical sources lead to the conclusion that the main directions of prevention of students' deviant behavior in high school can include: improvement of the system of work of higher educational institutions on the formation of a healthy lifestyle; preparation of teachers for the formation of students' healthy lifestyle, prevention of their deviant behavior; study of the theoretical bases of the preventive maintenance of students' deviant behavior in combination with the practical realization of their requirements in daily life; education of parents about a healthy lifestyle, bad habits prevention, ways of developing young people's immunity to negative environmental influences; widespread advocacy of preventive measures for students' deviant behavior in the media; the rehabilitation and improvement of student self-governance, which develops organizational skills, a sense of responsibility, an initiative and can help to organize the work of student youth on the prevention of deviant behavior with the participation of teachers and parents. The prospective topics of the further scientific research include the organization of preventive activities with students at sports classes.

The article gives a general description of "crowdfunding", and presents his interpretation proposed by various scholars. The authors have investigated crowdfunding as an alternative financing of startups, features and main obstacles to the functioning of Ukrainian crowdfunding platforms. The crowdfunding scheme allows to finance a developer project, including an arbitrary amount of donors, while having a minimum amount of contribution. The peculiarity of Ukrainian crowdfunding is there are only a few Kraudfanding platforms, which are more directed to humanitarian, social, environmental and cultural projects, the cost of which is relatively small. At the same time, Ukrainian projects, which have a purely commercial purpose, are placed on foreign platforms, and that leads to exit of successful business over theterritory of Ukraine. In order to overcome such an outflow of ideas and funds, it is necessary to create a legislative framework in the field of crowdfunding in matters of responsibility and preservation of rights and obligations oftheparticipants, as well as formation of a culture of national financing among Ukrainians. ; В статье приведены общая характеристика понятия «краудфандинг», представлены его трактовки, предложенные различными учеными. Авторами рассмотрен краудфандинг как альтернативный вариант финансирования стартапов, определены особенности и главные препятствия функционирования украинских краудфандингових платформ. Схема краудфандинга позволяет профинансировать проект разработчика, включая произвольное количество инвесторов-благотворителей, при этом имея минимальные суммы вклада. Особенностью украинского краудфандинга является то, что сегодня в стране существует лишь несколько краудфандингових платформ, которые в основном направлены на гуманитарные, социальные, экологические, культурные проекты, стоимость которых сравнительно невелика. В то же время украинские проекты, которые имеют сугубо коммерческую цель, размещаются на иностранных платформах, что зачастую приводит к выходу удачного бизнеса за территорию Украины. Для преодоления такого оттока идей и средств необходимо создание законодательной базы в сфере краудфандинга в вопросах ответственности и защиты прав и обязанностей сторон, а также формирование среди граждан Украины культуры народного финансирования. ; У статті наведено загальну характеристику поняття «краудфандинг», представлено його трактування, запропоновані різними науковцями. Авторами досліджено краудфандинг як альтернативний варіант фінансування стартапів, визначено особливості та головні перешкоди функціонування українських краудфандингових платформ. Схема краудфандингу дозволяє профінансувати проект розробника, включаючи довільну кількість інвесторів-доброчинців, при цьому маючи мінімальні суми внеску. Особливістю українського краудфандингу є те, що на сьогодні в країні існує лише декілька краудфандингових платформ, які більшою мірою спрямовані на гуманітарні, соціальні, екологічні, культурні проекти, вартість яких порівняно невелика. У той же час українські проекти, які мають суто комерційну мету, розміщуються на іноземних платформах, що найчастіше приводить до виходу вдалого бізнесу за територію України. Для подолання такого відтоку ідей та коштів необхідно створення законодавчої бази у сфері краудфандингу в питаннях відповідальність і збереження прав і обов'язків сторін, а також формування серед громадян України культури народного фінансування.