Suchergebnisse

In 1987, Claire Logan, a sales representative for a garment manufacturer in New York City, was looking forward to her first bonus after moving to a commission‐based pay schedule. She had brought in over US$5 million in sales for her employer, including a new $2 million account with a major department store, and was owed a $15,000 bonus. After receiving a partial payment of $5,000 from her employer, Logan discovered she was pregnant and informed her boss. Within days she found herself out of a job and short $10,000 of the bonus owed to her. Logan filed a complaint against her employer with New York City's Human Rights Commission and four years later settled her claim of discrimination for $45,000.

The paper analyzes the relationship between trade policy and environmental protection. National and global environmental issues are distinguished. In principle, there is no conflict between an institutional order for international trade and national environmental policy. Protectionism against environmental policy, eco-imperialism and environmental policy as a trade strategy are not justified. Uncertainty in international trade arising from environmental policy should be reduced by the principles of first-best solution, of the appropriateness of means, of non-discrimination, of necessity, of the limits of territorial sovereignty, and of country-of-origin. With respect to global issues, international agreements, trade sanctions, side payments and trade liberalization are discussed. Finally, the paper looks at rule consistency between environmental and trade agreements.

Issued in 2 parts: Book. 1. European Community law; Book. 2. The protection of human rights in Europe ; AEL Collected courses 1990-1997. Digitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in 2020 ; -- Winston Churchill lecture : on the road to a European Constitutional Court , Rolv Ryssdal -- General course: the protection of human rights in Europe, Carl Aage Norgaard -- The AIDS pandemic and human rights, Katarina Tomasevski -- the international protection against torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Hans Danelius -- Legal responses to gender discrimination in Europe and the USA, Frances Olsen -- The Political Culture Of Liberalism And The Prospects for Eastern and Central Europe, Ronald Dworkin And Steven Lukes -- Index of decisions by Transnational Courts

The past two decades have witnessed widespread agreement that the incidence of budgetary allocations, requests, and more so approvals, is accounted for by both economic and political environmental factors, aside from incremental budgetary behavior. In accord with the emphasis on the environmental determinants of budgetary allocation, we find the gross investment in agriculture in Israel to follow the theoretical lines offered by Western researchers: The requesting side relies on inertia more often than the approving side; the approving side is more political, situating the budget in a larger, more universal, context. The results indicate that there is a relative drop in investments in agriculture under the Likud control in Israel and thus give further confirmation to the apparent Conservative discrimination against agriculture.

The international human rights movement has succeeded in establishing universal human rights standards for religious minorities based on moral as well as pragmatic arguments. Modern Muslim countries have had to participate in the formulation & adoption of these standards at the regional & national as well as international levels. However, extremely serious tensions exist between these standards & Muslim historic religious law -- Shari'ah. Muslims cannot, & should not be allowed to, justify discrimination against & persecution of non-Muslims on the basis of Islamic cultural norms; however, the cultural relativist position can be adapted to shape attitudes & inform policy regarding fundamental human rights. A reform methodology for reconciling Shari'ah with the full human rights of religious minorities is summarized. Modified AA

Aliens — Position of — Subjection to territorial sovereignty of receiving State — Currency regulations of general character — Prejudicial consequences of — Whether foreign creditor is able to escape such consequences.Aliens — Position of — Non — discrimination — Discriminatory treatment of property — Definition of — Under Chapter Ten of Convention on the Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and Occupation, 1952-1954 — Concept of "impairment" — Currency reform — Effects of — Whether constituting discriminatory treatment.War — Effects of outbreak of — On enemy subjects with regard to their property — Control and blocking of enemy assets — Compatibility with international law — German Regulations — Restitution and compensation claims arising out of measures against enemy property — Satisfaction of such claims under Convention on Settlement of Matters Arising out of the War and Occupation, 19521954.

When you are a female born into a poor Indian family, the odds are already stacked greatly against you. The human drama captured in this memoir is nothing short of amazing - a young woman's struggle between the two worlds of her existence. Saved by her grandmother from being killed at birth for being a female, and abandoned by her mother at a young age, Shilpa faces the formidable constraints placed on her by her family and the village elders. The values with which she is being brought up in a school for poor children started by a philanthropist come in conflict with those of her family, tearing each other apart. Just when all seems settled, an unforeseen death under mysterious circumstances shatters whatever stability remains in her life. Pulled in opposite directions, and torn between despair and dreams, Shilpa finally makes a choice for her escape. But is she strong enough to stand up to the people she loves, and pursue what she wants? At its heart The Elephant Chaser's Daughter is about hope, when all seems lost. Written with raw honesty and grit, this is a deeply moving memoir of a young woman confronting her 'untouchable' status in a caste-based society, and her aspirations for a good future

ResumoAtualmente, embora o preconceito ainda exista, está escondido. Tradicionalmente, o preconceito contra a mulher na Educação Física pode ser observado, tanto no ambiente escolar, como esportivo. Diante de diferentes situações que as mulheres já vivenciaram, no que se refere ao mercado de trabalho, na Educação Física, há alguns casos que evidenciam esforços de algumas mulheres em criarem espaços alternativos. Diante desses fatos, o objetivo deste manuscrito foi conhecer e analisar a concepção de mulheres acadêmicas do curso de Bacharelado em Educação Física sobre os desafios encontrados no cotidiano profissional. Participaram do estudo 42 mulheres, estudantes de Educação Física, que faziam estágio em academia de ginástica, com idade entre 20 e 50 anos, todas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada no primeiro semestre do ano de 2018. Nesse contexto, foram adotados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: a) ser do sexo feminino; b) estar cursando graduação em Educação Física e; c) estar em período de estágio acadêmico obrigatório ou não. Desse modo, o critério de exclusão foi o não atendimento a qualquer um dos critérios de inclusão. As estudantes responderam a um questionário e participaram de uma entrevista. Os resultados indicaram que os desafios encontrados no cotidiano são o assédio no caminho para o trabalho, no ambiente profissional e representações de sexo frágil, no que se refere ao trabalho com pesos nas academias de ginástica.
Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Educação Física. Práticas Sociais.
AbstractNowadays, although prejudice still exists, it is hidden. Traditionally, prejudice against women in physical education can be observed in both the school and sports environments. Faced with different situations that women have already experienced regarding the labor market, in physical education there are some cases that show some women's efforts to create alternative spaces. Given these facts, the purpose of this manuscript was to know and analyze the conception of female students of the bachelor degree course in physical education about the challenges encountered in their daily work. The study included 42 women, Physical Education students who were interning in a gym, aged between 20 and 50 years, all of them from the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection was performed in the first semester of 2018. In this context, the following inclusion criteria were adopted: a) being female; b) being studying undergraduate degree in Physical Education and; c) being in a period of compulsory academic internship or not. Thus, the exclusion criterion was not meeting any of the inclusion criteria. The students answered a questionnaire and participated in an interview. The results indicated that the challenges encountered in daily life are harassment on the way to work, in the professional environment and fragile sex representations concerning working out with weights in gyms.
Keywords: Women. PE. Social practices.

Introduction : trajectories of subversives and mavericks in the Muslim Mediterranean / Odile Moreau -- The life of Boubeker El-Ghanjaoui : from a cameleer to a wealthy notable in precolonial Morocco, 1870/1905 / Khalid Ben-Srhir -- Aref Taher Bey : an Ottoman military instructor bridging the Maghreb and the Ottoman Mediterranean / Odile Moreau -- Nazli Hanem, Kmar Bayya, and Khiriya Bin Ayyad : three women living between Istanbul, Cairo, and Tunis in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century / Leïla Blili -- Servant, officer, and resistance fighter : the autobiography of Qa'id al-Raha al-Najim al-Akhsassi (1867/68/1964) / Wilfrid rollman -- Little known roots of Islamism : al-Kawakibi's Umm al-Qura / Sanaa Makhlouf -- Revisiting networks and narratives : Enver Pasha's Pan-Islamic and Pan-Turkic quest / Suhnaz Yõlmaz -- Going to school : women's life stories, networks, and education in colonial North Africa, c. 1850/1962 / Julia Clancy-Smith -- Mukhtar al-Ayari, a radical Tunisian in the 1920s and his place in labor history / Stuart schaar.

This paper inquires into Simone de Beauvoir's writings on aging: their motivations, goals and thoughts, and howthe studies on this subject have political implications for women and feminism. Hier work has undoubtedlyinfluenced the artistic representations of the past decades in which many women artists have dared to contradictthe hegemonic representation of femininity, based on youth and beauty. This ascendancy is also present in women's associations and their fight against social exclusion and the marginalization of elderly women. ; Este artículo analiza los escritos de Simone de Beauvoir sobre la vejez: sus motivaciones, objetivos y reflexiones, y cómo la meditación sobre este tema tiene consecuencias políticas para las mujeres y el feminismo. Su trabajo ha influido sin duda en las representaciones artísticas de las últimas décadas en las que muchas mujeres artistas se han atrevido a contradecir la representación hegemónica de la feminidad basada en la juventud y la belleza y en las asociaciones de mujeres que luchan contra la exclusión social y la marginación de las mujeres viejas.

Leach and Pini bring together empirical and theoretical studies that consider the intersections of class, gender and rurality. Each chapter engages with current debates on these concepts to explore them in the context of contemporary social and economic transformations. This book will appeal to scholars working in the fields of gender, rurality, identity, and class studies.