Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACT This thesis discusses about Police Strategy in Securing Captain Meh Annual Festival in Achieving Prime Kamtibmas Service (Study At Resort Police Kabupten Sambas). This research uses normative legal research method, through literature study and sociological research method. From the results of this thesis research, it is concluded that the dominant factor affecting the implementation of the security of Cap Go Meh Annual Festival in relation to the excellent security and public order service by Sambas Police towards tourism Captain Meh Annual Festival in the effort of tourism development in Sambas Regency is in the implementation of potential development Tourism in Sambas Regency there are some things that become supporting factors and inhibiting factors. Driving factors in the development of tourism potential is a strong commitment, the structure of government agencies, the potential and diversity of Natural Resources and cultural diversity. Inhibiting factors are the quality of human resources of tourism actors is still low, the exploitation of natural resources that have not been controlled, and the influence of outside culture. That the Polres is in charge of carrying out the basic duties of the Police in maintaining security and public order, upholding the law, and providing protection, protection and service to the community and carrying out other Polri duties within the police area, in accordance with the provisions of the law Keywords: Cap Go Meh, Kamtibmas Service 2 ABSTRAK Tesis ini membahas tentang Strategi Kepolisian Dalam Pengamanan Festival Tahunan Cap Go Meh Dalam Mewujudkan Pelayanan Kamtibmas Yang Prima (Studi Di Polres Kabupten Sambas). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, melalui studi kepustakaan dan metode penelitian sosiologis. Dari hasil penelitian tesis ini diperoleh kesimpulan Bahwa Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pengamanan Festival Tahunan Cap Go Meh dalam kaitannya dengan pelayanan keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat yang prima oleh Polres Sambas terhadap kepariwisataan Festival Tahunan Cap Go Meh dalam upaya pengembangan pariwisata di Kabupaten Sambas yaitu dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan potensi wisata di Kabupaten Sambas terdapat beberapa hal yang menjadi factor pendukung dan faktor penghambat. Faktor pendorong dalam pengembangan potensi wisata yaitu adanya komitmen yang kuat, struktur lembaga pemerintah, potensi dan keanekaragaman Sumber Daya Alam dan keanekaragaman budaya. Faktor penghambat yaitu kualitas SDM pelaku pariwisata masih rendah, eksploitasi SDA yang belum terkendali, dan pengaruh budaya luar. bahwa Polres bertugas menyelenggarakan tugas pokok Polri dalam memelihara keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat, menegakkan hukum, serta memberikan perlindungan, pengayoman, dan pelayanan kepada masyarakat dan melaksanakan tugas-tugas Polri lainnya dalam daerah hukum Polres, sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Kata Kunci : Cap Go Meh, Bidang, Pelayanan Kamtibmas.

Resumen: Nuevas formas de participación democrática y producciones colaborativas de audiencias diversas han surgido como resultado de las innovaciones digitales en el acceso y consumo de noticias. el objetivo de este estudio es proponer un marco conceptual basado en las posibilidades de la Web 2.0. describiendo la construcción de una «lógica social», que se combina con las lógicas comunicativa y computacional, se construye el marco teórico para explorar la evolución en el consumo de noticias desde una mera circulación de productos diseñados, hacia una conversación global de diseñadores proactivos de noticias. este marco teórico se ha testeado a través de una base de datos empírica del instituto de investigación peW, que mediante una encuesta con adultos a gran escala permite analizar el futuro de la industria de las noticias. los resultados muestran diferencias significativas (por edad, sexo y nivel educativo) en las formas de participación, acceso y consumo de noticias. aunque existe una cultura Web 2.0, hay un bajo nivel de participación de usuarios en la producción de noticias; lejos de ser diseñadores proactivos de noticias, los hallazgos sugieren que la mayoría de ciudadanos se sitúan en los niveles de participación más bajos del marco conceptual propuesto. se concluye sugiriendo la necesidad de que los responsables de la educación en medios desarrollen iniciativas formativas acordes a las posibilidades de la lógica social a través de la propuesta de pautas. ; Abstract: new democratic participation forms and collaborative productions of diverse audiences have emerged as a result of digital innovations in the online access to and consumption of news. the aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework based on the possibilities of Web 2.0. outlining the construction of a ?social logic?, which combines computer and communicative logics, the conceptual framework is theoretically built to explore the evolution of news consumption from a pure circulation of designed products towards a global conversation of proactive news designers. then, the framework was tested using an empirical database built by the peW research Centre, which investigates the future of the news industry, through a large-scale survey with adults. results show significant differences (by age, gender and educational level) in the forms of participation, access and consumption of news. however, whilst immersed in the culture of Web 2.0 there is a low-level of user participation in news production; far from being proactive news designers, findings suggest that citizens are still located in the lower participatory levels of our conceptual framework. Conclusions suggest there is a need for media education providers to carry out training initiatives according to the social logic possibilities through proposed guidelines.

Abstrak – Ketentuan tentang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) sudah diatur dalam pasal 28 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Pada dasarnya banyak cara yang telah dilakukan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan untuk memperluas akses layanan PAUD bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat, antara lain (1) bantuan pendirian/rintisan satuan PAUD baru, (2) bantuan pembangunan/penyediaan fasilitas PAUD, dan (3) penambahan satuan layanan PAUD yang sudah berjalan seperti TK/KB/TPA/SPS. Namun tentunya pemerintah tidak bisa bergerak sendiri, karena itu banyak lembaga atau yayasan lain yang ikut serta dalam upaya ini, salah satunya Yayasan Asih Foundation (YAF). Lembaga ini sudah berhasil memberdayakan masyarakat dalam hal pendirian dan pembinaan lembaga PAUD di seluruh Indonesia, termasuk di Jabotabek. Riset ini akan mendeskripsikan tentang strategi pemberdayaan yang diterapkan oleh Yayasan Asih Foundation. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan subjek 3 sekolah di Jabotabek. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan observasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan msyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Yayasan Asih Foundation berada di level messo. Lembaga PAUD dapat merasakan perubahan dan manfaat dari pembinaan yang diberikan oleh YAF meski pembinaan yang utama hanya berlangsung selama 2 tahun. PAUD binaan ini dapat mengembangkan diri Kata Kunci – Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Pembangunan Masyarakat, Pengembangan Masyarakat Abstract - The regulation on Early Childhood Education has been regulated in Article 28 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 on National Education system. Basically, many ways have been done by the Ministry of Education and Culture to expand access to early childhood education services for all levels of society, among others (1) support the establishment/ stub new Early Childhood Education unit, (2) help construction/provision of EDC facilities, (3) and the addition of early childhood services units such as TK / KB / TPA / SPS. But of course the government cannot move alone, therefore many institutions or other foundations that participate in this effort, one of the Asih Foundation. This institution has succeeded in empowering the community in terms of establishment and development of Early Childhood Education institutions across Indonesia, including in Jabotabek. This research is will described about strategy empowerment apllied by Asih Fondation. The research method used is qualitative, with the subject of 3 schools in Jabotabek. Data collection techniques are interviews and observations. The results show that community empowerment conducted by Yayasan Asih Foundation is at the messo level. Early Childhood Education institutions can feel the changes and benefits of coaching provided by Asih Fondation even though the main coaching takes only 2 years. Early Childhood Education under supervisor of it can be developing themselves. Keywords - Early Childhood Education, Community Development, Community Empowerment

The fabrication of van der Waals heterostructures, artificial materials assembled by individual stacking of 2D layers, is among the most promising directions in 2D materials research. Until now, the most widespread approach to stack 2D layers relies on deterministic placement methods, which are cumbersome and tend to suffer from poor control over the lattice orientations and the presence of unwanted interlayer adsorbates. Here, we present a different approach to fabricate ultrathin heterostructures by exfoliation of bulk franckeite which is a naturally occurring and air stable van der Waals heterostructure (composed of alternating SnS 2-like and PbS-like layers stacked on top of each other). Presenting both an attractive narrow bandgap (<0.7 eV) and p-type doping, we find that the material can be exfoliated both mechanically and chemically down to few-layer thicknesses. We present extensive theoretical and experimental characterizations of the material's electronic properties and crystal structure, and explore applications for near-infrared photodetectors ; A.C.-G. acknowledges financial support from the BBVA Foundation through the fellowship 'I Convocatoria de Ayudas Fundacion BBVA a Investigadores, Innovadores y Creadores Culturales' ('Semiconductores ultradelgados: hacia la optpelectronica flexible'), from the MINECO (Ramón y Cajal 2014 program, RYC-2014-01406), from the MICINN (MAT2014-58399-JIN) and from European Commission under the Graphene Flagship, contract CNECTICT-604391. E.M.P. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (MINT, ERC-StG-307609) and from the MINECO of Spain (CTQ2014-60541-P). E.G. gratefully acknowledges the AMAROUT II fellowship program for receiving a grant for transnational mobility (Marie Curie Action, FP7-PEOPLE- 2011-COFUND (291803)). A.J.M.-M., G.R.-B. and N.A. acknowledge the support of the MICCINN/MINECO (Spain) through the programmes MAT2014-57915-R, BES-2012-057346 and FIS2011-23488 and Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) through the programme S2013/MIT-3007 (MAD2D). J.O.I. and H.S.J.v.d.Z. acknowledge the support of the Dutch organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) and by the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science (OCW). M.A.N. acknowledeges the support of the MICCINN/MINECO (Spain) through the programmes MAT2013-49893-EXP and MAT2014-59315-R. Authors M.A.N., A.J.M.-M. and A.C.-G. acknowledge the support from ALBA Synchrotron for the experiments performed at Circe beamline (BL24-CIRCE) at ALBA Synchrotron with the collaboration of ALBA staff (proposal ID 2015091399). W.S.P. acknowledges CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, under grant BEX 9476/13-0. W.S.P. and J.J.P. acknowledge MICCINN/MINECO (Spain) for financial support under grant FIS2013-47328-C02-1; the European Union structural funds and the Comunidad de Madrid MAD2D-CM programme under grant nos. P2013/MIT-3007 and P2013/MIT-2850; the Generalitat Valenciana under grant no. PROMETEO/2012/011

Nuevas formas de participación democrática y producciones colaborativas de audiencias diversas han surgido como resultado de las innovaciones digitales en el acceso y consumo de noticias. El objetivo de este estudio es proponer un marco conceptual basado en las posibilidades de la Web 2.0. Describiendo la construcción de una «lógica social», que se combina con las lógicas comunicativa y computacional, se construye el marco teórico para explorar la evolución en el consumo de noticias desde una mera circulación de productos diseñados, hacia una conversación global de diseñadores proactivos de noticias. Este marco teórico se ha testeado a través de una base de datos empírica del Instituto de investigación PEW, que mediante una encuesta con adultos a gran escala permite analizar el futuro de la industria de las noticias. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas (por edad, sexo y nivel educativo) en las formas de participación, acceso y consumo de noticias. Aunque existe una cultura Web 2.0, hay un bajo nivel de participación de usuarios en la producción de noticias; lejos de ser diseñadores proactivos de noticias, los hallazgos sugieren que la mayoría de ciudadanos se sitúan en los niveles de participación más bajos del marco conceptual propuesto. Se concluye sugiriendo la necesidad de que los responsables de la educación en medios desarrollen iniciativas formativas acordes a las posibilidades de la lógica social a través de la propuesta de pautas ; New democratic participation forms and collaborative productions of diverse audiences have emerged as a result of digital innovations in the online access to and consumption of news. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework based on the possibilities of Web 2.0. Outlining the construction of a "social logic", which combines computer and communicative logics, the conceptual framework is theoretically built to explore the evolution of news consumption from a pure circulation of designed products towards a global conversation of proactive news designers. Then, the framework was tested using an empirical database built by the Pew Research Centre, which investigates the future of the news industry, through a large-scale survey with adults. Results show significant differences (by age, gender and educational level) in the forms of participation, access and consumption of news. However, whilst immersed in the culture of Web 2.0 there is a low-level of user participation in news production; far from being proactive news designers, findings suggest that citizens are still located in the lower participatory levels of our conceptual framework. Conclusions suggest there is a need for media education providers to carry out training initiatives according to the social logic possibilities through proposed guidelines

Abstract The implementation of rehabilitation on underage narcotics users based on state regulation of narcotics, an addicts narcotics users is obliged to take a rehabilitation process, but this policy has never been applied, most of the underage narcotics users were sentenced to be put in jail than taking rehabilitation. The formulation of the problem in this thesis is: why is the implementation of rehabilitation on underage narcotics users so low. What is the problem with implementing rehabilitation on underage narcotics users? What do the police at Polda Lampung do on underage narcotics users? The result of the research show that the implementation of rehabilitation on underage narcotics users is not in line with state regulations, they are government policy, policy of health minister on technical regulation on medical rehabilitation for the drugs addicts, drugs users, and victim of drugs users, which stated that the underage narcotics users is supposed to be put in rehabilitation but this rule has never been applied on, most of the underage narcotics users were put in jail than on rehabilitation. The problem on rehabilitation is affected by some factors like law structure of Direktorat Narkoba Polda Lampung on the implementation of rehabilitation is not optimal, law culture on the level of obedience of the society about the law is not optimal, and the effort of Kepolisian Daerah Lampung in solving the underage narcotics users is through preemptive, preventive, and repressive way. Keywords: Rehabilitation, Under Age, NarcoticsAbstrak Pelaksanaan rehabilitasi pengguna narkotika di bawah umur berdasarkan peraturan negara narkotika, pengguna pecandu narkotika wajib mengambil proses rehabilitasi, tetapi kebijakan ini belum pernah diterapkan, sebagian besar narkotika di bawah umur pengguna dihukum untuk diletakkan di penjara daripada mengambil rehabilitasi. Rumusan masalah dalam skripsi ini adalah: mengapa pelaksanaan rehabilitasi pada narkotika pengguna di bawah umur sangat rendah. Apa masalah dengan melaksanakan rehabilitasi pada pengguna narkotika di bawah umur? Apa yang polisi di Polda Lampung lakukan pada pengguna narkotika di bawah umur? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan rehabilitasi pada pengguna narkotika di bawah umur tidak sejalan dengan peraturan negara, mereka kebijakan pemerintah, kebijakan menteri kesehatan pada regulasi teknis rehabilitasi medis untuk pecandu obat, pengguna narkoba, dan korban narkoba pengguna, yang menyatakan bahwa pengguna narkotika di bawah umur seharusnya dimasukkan ke dalam rehabilitasi tapi aturan ini belum pernah diterapkan pada, sebagian besar pengguna narkotika di bawah umur yang dimasukkan ke dalam penjara dari pada rehabilitasi. Masalah rehabilitasi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti struktur hukum Direktorat Narkoba Polda Lampung pada pelaksanaan rehabilitasi tidak optimal, budaya hukum pada tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat tentang hukum tidak optimal, dan upaya Kepolisian Daerah Lampung dalam memecahkan pengguna narkotika di bawah umur adalah melalui cara preemptive, preventif, dan represif. Kata Kunci: Rehabilitasi, di Bawah Umur, Narkotika

The paper presents the complex analysis of the problem of "vocationalization" process of colleges and the analysis of the results of the process acceleration with regard to universities, observed in numerous countries. The question is examined with regard to West European countries, however some references concerning the first steps on this road made by the countries of the Eastern and Central Europe are also contained in the final section of the article. The "vocationalization" , according to the author is the long lasting phenomenon and comprises the significant historical dimension. This process should not be neglected, even if not respected by the academicians. The "vocationalization" played and will continue to play the most significant role in the process of the university adjustment to the environment, no matter whether it reflects the ideology opposite to the "academicism" or .scholasticism" or the rational policy of governments. Three stages of the adjustment and assimilation process, and finally, returning to the appropriate character of Academy: the ideological debate, the institutional differentiation and the differentiation on the ground of education cycles, are distinguished. Have the applicability and usefulness to be accomplished at the expense of fundamentals and disinterested? And because, as pronounced by the author, everything indicates that this is the concept supported by the authorities, one may wait for the results of the divergence between the utilitarian, supported by governments and demand of the students, who are continuously inclined to focus on the values and culture. ; Opracowanie zawiera wnikliwą analizę problemu "uzawodowienia" studiów wyższych oraz skutków obserwowanych w wielu krajach prób przyspieszenia tego procesu w odniesieniu do uniwersytetów. Problem, rozważany na przykładzie państw Europy Zachodniej, w końcowych partiach tekstu znajduje również odniesienia do pierwszych kroków podejmowanych na tej drodze w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Uzawodowienie - pisze Autor-jest zjawiskiem długotrwałym i ma znaczący wymiar historyczny. Trudno pomijać ten fakt, nawet jeśli nie zawsze sprzyja mu środowisko akademickie. I niezależnie od tego, czy wyraża ideologię przeciwstawną do "akademizmu" lub "scholastycyzmu" , czy też jest wyrazem racjonalnej polityki rządów - odgrywało i nadal będzie pełnić najważniejszą rolę w procesie dostosowywania się uniwersytetu do otoczenia. W tym procesie dostosowywania się, asymilacji i - w końcu - powrotu do stanu typowego dla akademii, Autor wyróżnia i omawia trzy stadia: debatę nad ideologią, zróżnicowanie instytucjonalne oraz różnicowanie poprzez cykle kształcenia. Czy dążenie do tego co stosowane i użyteczne musi odbywać się kosztem tego co podstawowe i bezinteresowne? Ponieważ - jak stwierdza Autor - wszystko wskazuje na to, że taki właśnie punkt widzenia popierają władze, wypada czekać na skutki rozdwojenia między tym co utylitarne i wspierane przez rząd a popytem ze strony studentów, ciągle skłonnych kierować się ku temu co dotyczy wartości i kultury.

Рассматриваются основные подходы к понятиям «обязательное социальное страхование», «медицинское страхование», «правовое обеспечение» и «пенсионное страхование». Государством создана система правовых, экономических и организационных мер, направленных на материальную компенсацию в связи с изменением социального положения работающих. Обращено внимание на неблагоприятную демографическую ситуацию, совпавшую с обострением конкуренции на мировых рынках финансов и труда, что усилило неблагоприятные последствия для населения страны и привело к безработице, снижению затрат на социальное обеспечение, медицину, образование и культуру. Для обеспечения социальной защиты в новых условиях стало важным появление государственного социального обеспечения как дополнения к социальному страхованию. Разработана законодательная база социального страхования, созданы государственные внебюджетные социальные фонды: ПФР (Пенсионный фонд России), ФОМС (Фонд обязательного медицинского страхования), ФСС (Фонд социального страхования) и ФГЗ. Рассмотрены виды социального страхования в России и социальные риски (старость, инвалидность, утрата кормильца), а также виды страхового обеспечения. Освещен круг вопросов, касающихся размеров гарантированных выплат по обязательному социальному страхованию в России по отношению к западным странам. Отмечено, что социальное страхование должно осуществляться через автономные страховые фонды. Рассмотрены методы и приемы социального страхования, в том числе в порядке, предусмотренном законодательством Российской Федерации. ; The article deals with the main approaches to the notions of "compulsory social insurance", "health insurance", "legal support" and "retirement insurance". The government has established a system of legal, economic and organizational norms aimed at material compensation in case of change in the social status of workers. The authors draw attentions to the unfavorable demographic situation, which coincided with the increased competition on the world finance and labor markets, which strengthened adverse effects for the population and led to growing unemployment, reduction of budget funding of social security, health care, education and culture. In this case, the emergence of the National social security as an addition to social insurance played an important role to ensure social protection in the new conditions. The legal framework of social insurance has been developed; the following state extrabudgetary social funds have been created: Russian Pension Fund, Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, Social Insurance Fund and Federal State Law. The article describes the types of social insurance in Russia and social risks (old age, disability, loss of breadwinner) and the types of the insurance guarantee. The paper covers the range of issues that relate to the amount of the guaranteed payments on compulsory social insurance in Russia in comparison to those in the Western countries. The authors note that social security should be implemented through autonomous insurance funds. Methods and techniques of social insurance have been considered, including the ones effected in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Актуальность заявленной темы вызвана прежде всего необходимостью овладения знаниями и практическими умениями в области чтения и письма студентами-гуманитариями. При этом исследователи и преподаватели основное внимание уделяют главным образом академическим жанрам статьи (научная, научно-популярная, энциклопедическая), рецензии, аннотации, реферату, академическому эссе, курсовой и квалификационной работе. Между тем литературно-художественное эссе как жанр учебной работы в высшей школе в настоящее время проигнорирован. Однако ему принадлежит огромная роль в гуманитарной мысли и искусстве XVIII-ХХI вв. Жанр литературно-художественного эссе имеет большой потенциал в формировании «мирового сообщества» и «человека в целом», обладает уникальной способностью соединять «разных людей, разные наднациональные культуры, разные века», раскрывает творческий потенциал студента, способствует формированию понимания миссии чтения и письма, совершенствованию «нестандартного» письма, освоению политических, социальных, межкультурных, коммуникативных, профессиональных компетенций, выработке личных творческих алгоритмов. В статье обозначены жанровые границы и «внутренний потенциал» данного типа эссе, оговорена магистральная европейская, американская и русскоязычная линии жанра в качестве информационного и стратегического (дидактического) источника, предложена система практических вопросов и заданий по эссе Ш. Абдуллаева «Поэзия и местность» с точки зрения типа эссе, объекта и предмета авторефлексии, поэтики и научной рецепции. Представленный материал был апробирован на занятиях по дисциплине «История русской литературы XX в.» на филологическом факультете («Педагогическое образование», бакалавриат, профиль «Русский язык и литература», 4 курс). ; He paper presents literary essay as an academic training genre. The importance of the topic is connected with the need of mastering knowledge and practical skills in the field of student reading and writing. The researchers, educators are mainly focusing on academic genres: article (scientific, popular scientific, encyclopedic), reviews, annotations, academic essays, coursework work. Meanwhile, literary essay as a genre of study in high school is currently ignored. However, it plays an important role in humanitarian thought and art of the XVIII-XXI centuries. Literary essay has great potential in the formation of the «world community» and «the whole person», has the unique ability to combine «different people, different supra-national culture, different ages», reveals the creative potential of students, it promotes the formation of reading comprehension and writing mission, improve the «non-standard» writing, the development of the political, social, intercultural, communicative, professional competencies, develops personal creative algorithms. The author designates its genre boundaries and «internal potential», incriminates the main European, American and Russian of the genre's line as an information and strategic (didactic) source. Moreover the article offers a practical system of questions and tasks on the Sh. Abdullaev's essay «The poetry and the area» from the point of view of the type of essay, the object and the self-reflection of the subject, poetic and scientific reception.

Cultural mapping reflects a spatial turn broadly taken in related areas of urban studies, all of which, in different ways, care about the interaction between social and material space. This article will contribute to this emerging interdisciplinary field by exploring applications of cultural mapping as tools for more inclusive forms of urbanism. The main argument holds that particular forms of cultural mapping can help bridge certain constraints of ethnographic methodologies of social sciences, on one hand, and spatial analysis and design methodologies, on the other hand, as they can operate in the same interstices of social and material space. This article is the result of a three-year and ongoing collaboration between the Research Group on Urbanism and Architecture of the University of Leuven and theatre company Teatro Oficina, located on a highly contested urban site in São Paulo's central neighbourhood of Bixiga, which for thirty years has been part and parcel of a Lute Urbaine ('urban battle') between the cultural group and a major real estate development firm. Both the theatre building and the surrounding terrain present themselves as pars-pro-toto for a theatrical city paradigm, offering insights on the dialectic vicissitudes of socio-cultural actions vis-à-vis the material transformation of the city.Keywords: urban activism, participatory urban design, modernism, urban stage, theatre cultureRésumé: La cartographie culturelle reflète un tournant spatial dans le champ des études urbaines et disciplines associées qui sont à tout le moins toutes concernées par les interactions entre les espaces sociaux et les espaces matériels. Cet article tente d'apporter une contribution à ce débat interdisciplinaire en explorant les applications de la cartographie culturelle dans le cadre des projets d'urbanisme participatif, voire d'urbanisme plus socialement inclusif. Certaines formes de cartographie culturelle peuvent permettre de répondre à certaines contraintes émanant des méthodologies ethnographiques en sciences sociales et ce, en comblant les lacunes découlant de la rencontre des espaces sociaux et matériels. Les résultats de cet article découlent de trois années de collaboration entre le Research Group on Urbanism and Architecture de l'Université de Leuven et le Teatro Oficina, situé dans un espace contesté du quartier Bixiga, au coeur de São Paulo. Ce quartier en question a été au coeur de plusieurs luttes urbaines (Lute Urbaine) entre groups sociaux culturels et promotteurs immobiliers. L'immeuble du théâtre et ses environs se présent en tant que pars-pro-toto pour le paradigme de la ville théâtrale, offrant des points des perspectives sur la dialectique de l'action culturelle vis-à-vis la transformation matérielle de la ville.Mots clé: l'activisme urbain, dessin urbain participative, modernism, scène urbaine, culture théâtrale

Purpose
– This study aims to highlight the barriers inhibiting the implementation of initiatives that seek to transform the efficiency, effectiveness and service delivery of government processes and systems through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs, e-Government) in Jamaica.


Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology used for this study was "Qualitative Description". Qualitative Description is guided by the Qualitative Descriptive Research Design and is epistemologically located within the Interpretivist Paradigm. The data collected for this study were based on the principle of judgmental sampling. In total, 23 experts working at various levels of e-Government implementation in Jamaica were interviewed for this study.


Findings
– It can be argued from the data analyzed that the factors which undermine the use of ICTs to improve government efficiency, effectiveness and public service delivery in Jamaica include: technical issues (ICT infrastructure, privacy and security), social issues (culture and the digital divide) and financial issues. Organizational issues such as top management support, resistance to change to electronic ways, lack of collaboration, lack of qualified personnel and training courses were not identified as barriers to e-Government in Jamaica.


Research limitations/implications
– The direct implications of the study are confined to the shores of Jamaica.


Practical implications
– This study provides government agencies in Jamaica with an opportunity to identify the practical gaps in e-Government implementation. At the global level, the study provides international development agencies that are currently funding, and those that have an interest in funding e-Government initiatives in Jamaica, with an understanding of the challenges to e-Government implementation in the country. Additionally, the study provides an opportunity for scholars doing cross-national qualitative study to compare and contrast the e-Government barriers identified in Jamaica with other countries and to further determine factors which may contribute to these similarities and differences and explore a possible holistic solution to these barriers.


Social implications
– The study draws attention to the problem of exclusion for those citizens affected by the digital divide, the problem of infrastructure and/or structural challenges such as poverty and are unable to access e-Government services. The study also highlights the problem of trust in the government by Jamaican citizens and the implication of this trust issue for e-Government implementation in the country.


Originality/value
– The study addresses the global scholarly and policy gap in the literature, as it relates to Caribbean experiences with barriers to e-Government implementation and, therefore, provides data for global comparative analysis. The study also contributes to global attempts to holistically understand the e-Government phenomenon by extending the current discourse to the Caribbean.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between image, service satisfaction and public opinion towards reforms in public organizations and postulate a more detailed relationship among them. The concept "New Public Management" (NPM) was initially suggested in the literature sometime around the early 1990s (Aucoin, 1990; Hood, 1991). NPM-style reforms raised the flag of responsiveness to citizens and improved public satisfaction with the assumption that organizational image would also be positively affected by such reforms. Image, satisfaction and support in public sector reforms are, therefore, the major focus of this study.Design/methodology/approach– The focus is on a major reform in the Israel electricity industry and data were collected from 500 respondents by telephone interviews.Findings– The findings support the authors ' hypotheses concerning the major role of image and satisfaction in forming attitudes towards NPM-style reforms. However, beyond conventional direct effects, the authors point to the mediating effect of organizational image on the relationship between satisfaction and support for reforms.Research limitations/implications– First, other factors not included in the model may influence support for NPM-style reforms in public organizations. Second, the study focused on a single organization in one country only and a very specific culture. Finally, the study is cross-sectional and may suffer from common-method and common-source biases and for this reason, should be replicated to allow better generalization and firmer implications.Practical implications– The findings about the preponderance of organizational image over service satisfaction can contribute to policymakers in their efforts to increase support for reforms among the public. The results demonstrate the strong relationship between organizational image and public opinion towards reform and the secondary effect of service satisfaction.Social implications– The centrality of organizational image as a core social focus for citizens as clients and for policymakers is highlighted in the discussion. It is maintained that NPM-style reforms in the social arena, and beyond, are predominantly affected by image. Therefore, there is a need to better understand how image affects social and economic reforms and attitudes towards those reforms and what may be the social consequences of such attitudes by citizens and by policymakers' decisions.Originality/value– The originality of this study is fourfold: a unique model of image, satisfaction and attitudes towards NPM-style reforms not been studied thus far is in its current form; exploring interrelations of citizens' satisfaction, image of the public sector and calls for reforms and change in the market-like environment of the public sphere; a telephone survey of opinions towards a specific NPM-style reform; and a focus on a major public sector organization in Israel going through reform.

This article presents an analytical reading of the Chilean education system since the civic military dictatorship, led by Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990), in which the social, economic and political systems of the country are transformed by imposing a neoliberal State even before such model was glimpsed as the horizon in the rest of the region. It reviews the transformation process of the Chilean education system, the changes in the morphology of the school system and their consequences, as well as the consolidation of this matrix during the democratic governments of the center-left coalition, "La Concertación" (1990-2010). Even though the development of this education project starts with strong ideological tensions between Catholicism and liberalism, they manage to converge in the principle of freedom of teaching. Under this premise, several reforms are implemented in order to shape a neoliberal education system. Consequently, the configuration of a new educational order will be discussed, ingrained in the Chilean society nowadays, in which education is considered an individual good under the aegis of general competition, efficiency objectives and the evaluation culture. This article emerges within the framework of the development of my PhD and it is mainly based on the analysis of academic literature and official documents. ; El artículo propone una lectura analítica del sistema educacional chileno a partir de la dictadura cívico-militar, encabezada por Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990), en la que se transforma el modelo social, económico y político del país, imponiendo un Estado neoliberal incluso antes de que este modelo se vislumbrara como el horizonte en el resto de la región. Se recorre el proceso de transformación del sistema de educación chileno, los cambios en la morfología del sistema escolar y sus consecuencias, así como la consolidación de esta matriz durante los gobiernos democráticos de la coalición de centro izquierda, la Concertación (1990-2010). Si bien el desarrollo de este proyecto educacional se inicia con fuertes tensiones ideológicas entre el catolicismo y el liberalismo, estos logran converger en el principio de libertad de enseñanza. Bajo esta premisa, se articulan numerosas reformas que dan forma a un sistema educacional neoliberal. En consecuencia, se dará cuenta de la configuración de un nuevo orden educativo, hoy arraigado en la sociedad chilena, en el que la educación se establece como un bien individual bajo la égida de la competencia generalizada, el objetivo de la eficiencia y la cultura de la evaluación. Este artículo surge en el marco del desarrollo de mi tesis doctoral y se basa principalmente en el análisis de literatura académica y textos oficiales.

Вопрос экологической безопасности является очень важным для человечества. Поскольку антропогенные воздействия и экологические поражения свидетельствуют о том, что современное состояние системы экосферы представляет собой значительную опасность для всего человечества, биосферы и техносферы Земли. Именно поэтому своевременное изучение и предотвращение экологических поражений так необходимо в настоящее время. Проблемы экологической безопасности особенно актуальны для таких промышленно развитых регионов, как Республика Башкортостан. В традиционном смысле под обеспечением экологической безопасности понимается состояние, не представляющее угрозы для окружающей среды и здоровья человека. Однако сегодня экологические, экономические и социальные вопросы неразделимы. В этой связи одной из основных целей политики руководства должно стать достижение и установление удовлетворительной экологической ситуации в республике. В статье на основе проведенного социологического исследования среди студентов аграрного университета анализируется экологическая ситуация в республике и теоретически обосновывается необходимость изменения отношения населения к вопросам экологической безопасности. Среди основных направлений и механизмов осуществления экологической безопасности выделяются следующие: экологизация экономики, законодательства и общества. Рассматриваются аспекты экологического образования и воспитания населения и экологической культуры людей в целом. Предлагаются основные направления проведения правильной экологической политики в Республике Башкортостан, которая будет способствовать не только улучшению качества жизни населения, но и созданию дополнительных природных ресурсов и возможности их естественного возобновления. Это существенный потенциал для улучшения экологической ситуации в республике, а также удовлетворения материальных потребностей населения. ; Ecological safety is very essential for the mankind. Human intervention and environmental implications prove that current being of the ecosphere is too dangerous for the human, biosphere and technosphere of the Earth. Thus timely study and prevention of ecological consequences is being very necessary. Problems of ecological safety are especially relevant for such industrially developed regions, as Bashkortostan Republic. Traditionally ecological safety practice is the state when there is no threat for the environment and human health. But today ecological economic and social issues are indivisible. Thus one of the goals of state policy is achieving and setting satisfactory ecological situation in the republic. In this article, on the basis of the conducted sociological research among students of Agrarian University, the ecological situation in the republic is analyzed and need for changes in population's attitude to matters of ecological safety is theoretically grounded. Among the main directions and mechanisms to maintain ecological safety are ecologization of economy, legislation and society. The given paper discusses aspects of ecological education of the population as well as their ecological culture. The author provides ways to carry out the right ecological policy in Bashkortostan Republic that will promote better quality of life of the population as well as added natural resources and their natural renewal. It is an essential way to improve ecological situation in the republic and to satisfy material needs of the population.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la relación entre la convergencia de medios, responsable de la distribución de contenidos en diferentes formatos, y la multitud comprometida con la producción de informaciones en el espacio urbano. La hipótesis es que la relación entre ellos propicia nuevas experiencias en el espacio y en las relaciones interpersonales. Para probar el alcance de la hipótesis, se optó por el análisis de narrativas colaborativas etiquetadas como prácticas de crowdmapping, que contienen conceptos clave para la reflexión teórica como georeferenciación, mapeado colectivo, espacio híbrido y principalmente la acción de una multitud conectada. Las formas de vida contemporáneas ponene de relieve la pertinencia del concepto de multitud desde la perspectiva de autores como Antonio Negri y Paolo Virno, y de la consecuente disolución del concepto de "pueblo". De naturaleza plural, desvinculada de una unidad politica o estatal, la multitud encuentra en las medios espacio para actuar de forma no representativa y demuestra, en sus narrativas, los nuevos paradigmas que moldean la sociedad contemporánea, los individuos y sus respectivos espacios. Pensar el espacio urbano posmoderno y sus poéticas, teniendo como presupuesto una cultura de convergencia mediática, implica describir una serie de cambios en relación, sobretodo, a la interacción entre personas y ambientes, así como la producción y el consumo de informaciones. ; ABSTRACT: The article intends to reflect on the relation among the convergence of media, responsible for distributing content in different formats, the rise of the crowd committed to produce information and the urban space. The hypothesis is that the relationship among them provides new experiences of the space as well as interpersonal connections. In view of this fact, we chose to analyze collaborative narratives, labeled as crowdmapping practices, bringing up key elements for theoretical reflection as geolocation, collective mapping, hybrid and urban space, and especially the action of a globally connected crowd. Contemporary forms of life are testifying the relevance of the concept of multitude (crowd), from the perspective of authors such as Antonio Negri and Paolo Virno, and the consequent dissolution of the concept of "people". Plural nature and detached from a political unit or state, the crowd makes use of media to act in a non-representational form and demonstrates, in its narratives, new paradigms that shape contemporary society, its people and their spaces. Think on a postmodern urban space and its poetic, with the assumption of a culture where media are converging, demands us to list a number of changes regarding mainly the interaction between people and environments, as well as the production and consumption of information.