Suchergebnisse

El turismo activo y su relación con el turismo y actividades de aventura, se ha convertido en uno de los sectores que mayor auge está experimentado en la actualidad, desarrollándose en Extremadura una importante red empresarial en relación a ello. Por este motivo, surge la necesidad de conocer el perfil del empresario/a de turismo activo en Extremadura, tratando su formación, profesionalización y dedicación a través de este estudio. La investigación se ha desarrollado seleccionando las empresas de Turismo Activo con sede en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura que se encuentran inscritas en el registro de empresas de actividades turísticas alternativas de la Consejería de Cultura, Turismo y Deportes de la Junta de Extremadura. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el perfil del empresario de turismo activo en Extremadura es mayoritariamente masculino, soltero, siendo un Técnico Deportivo de Grado Medio, en la provincia de Cáceres, con vocación y practicante de deportes de aventura, autónomo con una experiencia de 10 años o más y que compatibiliza su actividad con otra profesión. De esta forma, se extrae que es necesario seguir aumentando la profesionalización del sector y un mayor respaldo por parte de la administración para lograr un correcto desarrollo y mejora del sector del Turismo Activo y Deportivo en la región ; Active tourism and its relationship with tourism and adventure activities, has become one of the sectors that is currently experiencing the greatest boom, developing in Extremadura an important business network in relation to it. For this reason, the need arises to know the profile of active tourism entrepreneurs in Extremadura, dealing with their training, professionalization and dedication through this study. The research was carried out by selecting the active tourism companies based in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura that are registered in the register of alternative tourism activity companies of the Department of Culture, Tourism and Sports of the Regional Government of Extremadura. The results obtained show that the profile of the active tourism entrepreneur in Extremadura is mainly male, single, being an intermediate level sports technician in the province of Cáceres, with specific training through courses, practising adventure sports, self-employed, with 10 years or more experience and who combines his activity with another profession. In this way, it can be concluded that it is necessary to continue increasing the professionalization of the sector and greater support from the administration in order to achieve a correct development and improvement of the Active and Sports Tourism sector in the region

Interlinking between the economy and society, and between them and politics, has a long doctrinal tradition in the social sciences, and is now a paradigm. Confidence in the public sector is the product of these relationships. Today's world is complex and diverse, in the context of globalization, and therefore can not be analyzed from unilateral unique perspectives and visions, but based on multivariate explanations and plural disciplinary contributions. Without prior and thoughtful analysis of reality; is difficult to cope with the adoption of strategic and appropriate decisions while their outcome, to undertake adequate, effective, transparent and responsible action. The current model of political system will involve a certain model of State, Government and Public Administration. The introduction of a new element, transparency will have to lead to improve the relationship between the public sector and citizens. Several have been the causes and effects of the current structural and multiple crisis in which we live today; and a demonstration of what would be the crisis of political and administrative systems. But the failure of development of culture and public values and the inability to govern from the institutions, prevents the confidence in the public institutions can be done. ; La imbricación entre la economía y la sociedad, y entre éstos y la política, tiene una larga tradición doctrinal en las ciencias sociales, y ahora es un paradigma. La confianza en el sector público es el producto de estas relaciones. El mundo de hoy es complejo y diverso, en el contexto de la globalización, por lo tanto no puede ser analizado desde perspectivas y visiones únicas y unilaterales pero si en base a las explicaciones multivariadas y las contribuciones plurales disciplinarias. Sin un análisis previo y reflexivo de la realidad; es difícil hacer frente a la adopción de decisiones estratégicas y apropiadas, para llevar a cabo una acción adecuada, eficaz, transparente y responsable. El actual modelo de sistema político implicará un cierto modelo de Estado, de Gobierno y Administración Pública. La introducción de un nuevo elemento, la transparencia tendrá que conducir a mejorar la relación entre el sector público y los ciudadanos. Varias han sido las causas y efectos de la actual crisis estructural y múltiple en la que vivimos hoy en día y una demostración de lo que sería la crisis de los sistemas políticos y administrativos. El fracaso del desarrollo de la cultura y los valores públicos y la incapacidad para gobernar desde las instituciones, evita que se pueda tener confianza en las instituciones públicas.

El juego es hoy la forma que explica y hace concebible, entre otros fenómenos, la subjetividad, la economía, la política, el amor, la guerra y el trabajo, reemplazando mediaciones previas como la poesía, el teatro, la fotografía, la novela y el cine. Sin embargo, carecemos de una genealogía. Así como existen historias de juegos particulares y de otras formas artísticas, la historia del juego suele quedar reducida al sumario del libro de Johan Huizinga, Homo Ludens, y de sus epígonos. A ello se añade que bajo el marbete game studies se ha desarrollado una disciplina que metonimiza juego y videojuego, obliterando el potencial hermenéutico historicista de lo lúdico. Así, en este texto pretendo dos cosas: argumentar a favor de la necesidad de ampliar el espectro formalista de los game studies y ofrecer una distinción entre las dimensiones designativas de la noción de juego para entender sus concepciones premodernas, modernas y posmodernas. Además, propongo retrotraer a la noción de "juego libre" de Immanuel Kant la noción apodíctica de juego de Huizinga y al período pre-capitalista la aparición de una "cultura del ocio" relevante para entender la superación ludocapitalista de la dicotomía ocio-trabajo. ; The form that explains and makes conceivable today, among other phenomena, subjectivity, economics, politics, love, war and work, is the game. In this regard, it has replaced previous mediations such as poetry, theater, photography, the novel and cinema. However, we lack a genealogy. Just as there are stories of particular games and other artistic forms, the history of the game-form or the history of play is usually reduced to the summary of Johan Huizinga's book, Homo Ludens, and its epigones. To this is added that under the name Game Studies a discipline that metonymizes game and videogame has developed, obliterating the historicist hermeneutical potential of the ludic register. Thus, in this text I intend two things: to argue in favor of the need to broaden the formalistic spectrum of Game Studies and to offer a distinction among the denotative dimensions of the play notion to understand its premodern, modern and postmodern conceptions. In addition, I propose Immanuel Kant's "free play" as a precursor to Huizinga's apodictic notion of play and the consideration of the pre-capitalist period in relation to the discussion around the emergence of a "Leisure culture" to understand the ludocapitalist overcoming of the leisure-work dichotomy.

Este artículo analiza el desarrollo reciente de la política cultural en Malta en el contexto de la membresía de la Universidad de Malta en la red SEA-EU. La parte introductoria de la narrativa se relaciona estrechamente con los preparativos para unirse a la Unión Europea en 2004 que incluyeron la creación de varias instituciones de gobernanza y financiación, las relacionadas con la Capital Europea de la Cultura en 2018 y el impacto de COVID-19 en la práctica cultural y comunidades creativas. A esta primera sección, que ofrece un análisis crítico del sector, le sigue la segunda parte central del texto, que informa sobre los diversos aspectos de la política, los programas de educación superior y las manifestaciones (a través de festivales, exposiciones y expresiones multimedia). que se relacionan con académicos e investigadores de la Universidad de Malta e instituciones satélites. El documento concluye que, si bien se ha realizado un gran esfuerzo en muchos frentes culturales y se han tomado muchas iniciativas, la relación entre la Universidad de Malta, sus miembros académicos e investigadores, y la sociedad en general, es en gran medida laxa y está basada en proyectos. que orientada a las políticas. Palabras clave: académicos; creativos; diversidad global; convergencia; universidad. Cultural policy and managementin SEA-EU cities: Malta Abstract: This article looks at the recent development of cultural policy in Malta in the context of the University of Malta's membership in the SEA-EU network. The introductory part of the narrative is closely related to preparations to join the European Union in 2004 which included the creation of various governance and funding institutions, those related to the European Capital of Culture in 2018 and the impact of COVID-19 in cultural practice and creative communities. This first section, which offers a critical analysis of the sector, is followed by the second central part of the text, which reports on the various aspects of politics, higher education programs and demonstrations (through festivals, exhibitions and multimedia expressions ). who interact with academics and researchers from the University of Malta and satellite institutions. The document concludes that, while a great effort has been made on many cultural fronts and many initiatives have been taken, the relationship between the University of Malta, its academic members and researchers, and society in general, is largely lax and it is project-based. than policy-oriented. Keywords: academics; creative; global diversity; convergence; University. Artículo recibido: 14/10/2021. Revisado: 19/10/2021. Aceptado: 28/10/2021

The literary production in Cuba after 1959 has been marked by the conditions imposed from power even on the literature produced behind the back or as resistance to such conditions. If, for a long time, the government was able to control much of the cultural production in an attempt to present a homogeneous culture, what happens when political restrictions control over discourse, and modes of literary production and circulation have been fragmented, radically modified, or disappeared? Is it possible to speak of a new epistemology to understand the literature written by Cubans from any corner of the planet? This essay explores three essential transformations: the atomization and the fading of the enunciation site of what can be considered Cuban literature; the permanence and scriptural persistence on the island of authors whose work could be considered "uncomfortable" by the official discourse; and the transformation, within Cuba, of the symbolic weight given to the figure (historical and literary) of Fidel Castro. This last mutation is the one that best symbolizes one of the most drastic changes in Cuban literary production: the desacralization of historical personalities, in particular of the former Cuban leader, by authors who continue to reside on the island. ; La producción literaria en Cuba después de 1959 ha estado signada por las condiciones impuestas desde el poder, que tocan, incluso, a aquella literatura producida a espaldas o como resistencia a tales condiciones. Si durante mucho tiempo el gobierno pudo controlar gran parte de la producción cultural para intentar presentar una cultura homogénea, ¿qué pasa cuando las restricciones políticas, el control sobre el discurso y los modos de producción y circulación literaria se han fragmentado, desaparecido o modificado radicalmente? ¿Es posible hablar de una nueva epistemología para entender la literatura escrita por cubanos desde cualquier rincón del planeta? Este ensayo explora tres transformaciones esenciales: la atomización y el desvanecimiento del sitio de enunciación de la literatura cubana; la permanencia y persistencia escritural en la isla de autores cuya obra podría ser considerada "incómoda" por parte del discurso oficial; y la transformación, dentro de Cuba, de la carga simbólica otorgada a la figura (histórica y literaria) de Fidel Castro. Esta última mutación es la que mejor simboliza uno de los cambios más drásticos de la producción literaria cubana: la desacralización de personalidades históricas, en particular del exlíder cubano, por parte de autores que siguen residiendo en la isla.

La investigación, realizada en el marco de la Maestría en Ciencias de la Educación con énfasis en Investigación Científica, de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de Pilar, aborda la democratización de la cultura escolar en el sistema educativo, indagando sobre las formas de participación de estudiantes en los procesos democráticos en la Educación Media de Colegios de la ciudad de Pilar - Paraguay, en el que analiza las oportunidades de participación, desde la perspectiva de los propios estudiantes y docentes, en las dimensiones normativa, comunicativa, asociativa y de consenso. Las unidades de análisis constituyen cuatro colegios urbanos, cuya muestra de tipo aleatoria está compuesta por 171 alumnos, 80 docentes y 4 informantes clave. Se recogieron datos mediante las técnicas de encuesta y entrevista, utilizando un instrumento para la medición de la convivencia escolar en estudiantes de secundaria, basado en indicadores de convivencia democrática, cuyos formularios fueron aplicados en línea. Los hallazgos de este estudio permiten sostener que el nivel de participación de estudiantes en los procesos democráticos se da en un 61%, conforme las frecuencias evidenciadas y que el mayor déficit se halla en las prácticas de consenso. Finalmente se realizan algunas recomendaciones a directivos, docentes, estudiantes y padres de familia, considerando que, para cumplir con la misión de la Educación Media como espacio de desarrollo personal, se requiere de la participación de todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa. ; The research addresses the democratization of school culture in the educational system, inquiring about the forms of student participation in democratic processes in High School Education in the city of Pilar - Paraguay, in which it analyzes the opportunities for participation, from the perspective of the students and teachers themselves, in the normative, communicative, associative and consensus dimensions. The units of analysis constitute four urban schools, whose random sample is made up of 171 students, 80 teachers and 4 key informants. Data were collected through survey and interview techniques, using an instrument for measuring school coexistence in high school students, based on indicators of democratic coexistence, whose forms were applied online. The findings of this study allow sustaining that the level of student participation in democratic processes occurs at 61%, according to the frequencies evidenced and that the greatest deficit is found in consensus practices.Finally, some recommendations are made to managers, teachers, students and parents, considering that, to fulfill the mission of Secondary Education as a space for personal development, the participation of all members of the educational community is required.

This article explores allegations of sexual scandal connected with premodern royal women in Europe and China. It begins by assessing expectations of queenly ideals, particularly the emphasis given to female chastity in European and Chinese culture. This forms a foundation for an extended discussion of tales of sexual impropriety of both real and legendary queens from China in the third century BCE to eighteenth century Europe. This survey highlights three key themes: the idea of dangerous and destructive beauty, the topos of the wanton and promiscuous queen and perceptions of transgressive affairs. Finally, the article assesses the connection between the portrayal of the sexual scandal of royal women in contemporary sources with the way in which these women's lives are represented in modern media, particularly films and television series. Ultimately, it demonstrates that allegations of sexual scandal could both be a means to attack these women (and their royal husbands) in their lifetimes and could have long lasting negative impact on the memory of their lives, resulting in their political power, agency and activity being obscured by an emphasis on their love lives and supposed affairs. ; Este artículo explora las acusaciones de escándalo sexual relacionado con mujeres reales premodernas en Europa y China. Comienza evaluando las expectativas de los ideales de la reina, particularmente el énfasis que se le da a la castidad femenina en la cultura europea y china. Esto forma una base para una discusión extensa de historias de conducta sexual inapropiada de reinas reales y legendarias desde China en el siglo III a. C. hasta la Europa del siglo XVIII. Esta investigación destaca tres temas clave: la idea de una belleza peligrosa y destructiva, el topos de la reina lasciva y promiscua y las percepciones de los asuntos transgresores. Finalmente, el artículo evalúa la conexión entre la descripción del escándalo sexual de las mujeres reales en fuentes contemporáneas con la forma en que las vidas de estas mujeres están representadas en los medios modernos, particularmente películas y series de televisión. En última instancia, demuestra que las acusaciones de escándalo sexual podrían ser un medio para atacar a estas mujeres (y a sus maridos reales) en sus vidas y podrían tener un impacto negativo duradero en la memoria de sus vidas, lo que resultaría en su poder político, agencia y actividad. siendo oscurecidos por un énfasis en sus vidas amorosas y supuestos affairs.

The developmentalist Francoism speech attempted to permeate the private sphere in order to achieve the legitimisation of the Regime as a political system. Under this premise, we have cleared the story of modernization that tries to make housing and home consonant with the implementation of the First Plan for Economic and Social Development (1964-1967). To address this, a content analysis of the discourse is carried out, while the research strategy addresses messages about the reorganisation of spatial-temporal categories and the introduction of unlocking mechanisms in the home environment. The application of this perspective allows us to recognise the elements of developmentalist culture - in its material and immaterial facets - applied to the construction of modern privacy. It reveals the importance attached to new instruments such as household appliances - symbolic signs of progress - and to new disciplines, guided by expert systems. This requires, in a reciprocal way, experiences of space and time in line with Western patterns, which reinforce gender asymmetries. Privacy, defined as a place and time for rest, comfort and fun for men, allows an idea of domesticity, linked to women, to emerge clearly, which is still projected in the present days. ; El discurso del franquismo desarrollista intentó permear la esfera privada para conseguir la legitimación del régimen como sistema político. Bajo esta premisa, desbrozamos el relato de la modernización que intenta hacer consonante la vivienda y el hogar con la puesta en marcha del Primer Plan de Desarrollo Económico y Social (1964-1967). Para su abordaje, se realiza un análisis de contenido del discurso, en tanto que la estrategia de investigación atiende a los mensajes acerca de la reorganización de las categorías espaciotemporales y la introducción de mecanismos de desenclave en el entorno del hogar. La aplicación de esta óptica permite reconocer los elementos de la cultura desarrollista –en su faceta material e inmaterial- aplicados a la construcción de una privacidad moderna. Se revela la importancia adjudicada a nuevos instrumentos como los electrodomésticos –señales simbólicas de progreso- y a nuevas disciplinas, orientadas por los sistemas expertos. Ello reclama, de manera recíproca, vivencias del espacio y el tiempo acordes a los patrones occidentales, que refuerzan las asimetrías de género. La privacidad, definida como lugar y tiempo para el descanso, la comodidad y la diversión para los varones, permite que aflore con nitidez una idea de la domesticidad, vinculada a las mujeres, que aún se proyecta en el presente.

Se propone una relectura de la obra de Ibn Ḥazm y de las contaminaciones literarias relacionadas con el tópico del amor, guiada por factores históricos más que artísticos. De hecho, el autor vivió el periodo más tormentoso de la historia de al-Andalus, conocido como la era de los mulūk al-ṭawāˀif, la cual se caracteriza por las luchas y rivalidades para conquistar el poder en la Península Ibérica. La ciudad de Córdoba toma un papel central, tanto de eje político principal como de centro cultural, donde Ibn Ḥazm recibió el legado de la cultura y literatura árabo-islámica que luego le fue transmitido a la literatura europea. Un antecedente histórico importante, que seguramente favoreció las contaminaciones entre los dos repertorios literarios, árabe y europeo, se reconoce en la batalla de Barbastro. Después de tal evento, numerosas cantantes, qiyān, fueron deportadas como botín de guerra a las cortes de la Francia meridional, llevándose consigo el conocimiento artístico y literario y favoreciendo el desarrollo de la poesía trovadoresca. La comparación entre versos de las líricas de trovadores y del Collar de Ibn Ḥazm sugiere, por lo menos, la hipótesis de una contaminación debida a procesos de intertextualidad e interdiscursividad, si no de contacto directo. ; This article offers a rereading of the work by Ibn Ḥazm, and the literary contaminations related to the topic of love, guided by historical factors rather than artistic ones. In fact, the author lived during the stormiest period in the history of al-Andalus, known as the mulūk al-ṭawāˀif era, characterized by struggles and rivalries for power in the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Cordoba played the role of the main political axis and the cultural center, where the legacy of the Arab-Islamic culture and literature was received by Ibn Ḥazm, and then transmitted to European literature. In this regard, the Battle of Barbastro should be considered an important historical antecedent that surely favored contaminations between the two literary repertoires. After such an event, many singers (qiyān), were deported to the courts of Southern France, taking with them their artistic and literary background, and favoring the emergence and development of troubadour poetry. The comparison between the lyrics of troubadours and the texts of the Collar by Ibn Ḥazm suggests, at least, the hypothesis of a contamination due to intertextuality and interdiscursiveness, if not direct contact.

This study researched the use of six microalgae species (N. gaditana, P. lutheri, I. galbana, T. chuii, P. tricornutum and C. gracilis) and a bloom to treat effluent from a marine fish farm and produce quality biomass. More specifically, simulated water from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) was used. Microalgae culture was carried out under controlled conditions using 18 L bubble column photoreactors under batch and semi-continuous operation. The main parameters analysed were micronutritional requirements, biomass productivity, nutrient removal rate (nitrogen and phosphorus), biomass composition, and quality. Also, based on the results obtained, a quantitative classification of the microalgae was carried out. The results showed that all microalgae required at least trace metals. In certain species, the addition of vitamins was also required for viable cultivation. In the case of biomass productivity under batch operation, values were between 67 mg L−1 d−1 and 7 mg L−1 d−1 using T. chuii and C. gracilis, respectively, and between 71 mg L−1 d−1 and 9 mg L−1 d−1 using T. chuii and N. gaditana under semi-continuous operation. In the case of total dissolved phosphorus removal, no differences were found between species, reaching in all cases final concentrations <0.01 mg L−1. Total dissolved nitrogen removal rate varied between species and operating conditions, being the highest obtained using T. chuii under semi-continuous operation (12.6 mg L−1 d−1) and the lowest with C. gracilis batch operation (0.15 mg L−1 d−1). Biomass composition in terms of protein and lipids varied between species and operating conditions, but quality in terms of amino acids and fatty acids profile remained homogeneous in all cases. Finally, according to the developed score methodology, I. galbana was the microalgae with the highest biomass production score, while T. chuii was for wastewater treatment. © 2021 ; This work was carried out within the SUNRAS Project ?Sustainable and Efficient Management of Marine Aquaculture Effluents using Solar Technologies? (N? AGL2016-80507-R; Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013?2016) funded by Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Government of Spain. This study was also supported by a Personal Investigador en Formaci?n (PIF) contract (Ref. UCA/REC01VI/2017) funded by Universidad de C?diz. We also would like to acknowledge the technicians of Servicio Central de Investigaci?n en Cultivos Marinos at the Faculty of Marine and Environmental Science (Universidad de C?diz) and Centro Tecnol?gico de Acuicultura de Andaluc?a (CTAQUA) for their support.

This essay takes into consideration the themes of work and freedom in the philosophy of three important exponents of Southern Italian modern culture: Gianvincenzo Gravina, Giambattista Vico and Francesco Longano. Work and freedom interlace in the speculations of these three thinkers, even though the issues they emphasize about them are different. Gravina deals with intellectual work: the wise man, according to the philosopher's point of view, is the only one who can bridle both the impetuousness of people and the rulers' authoritarianism. As a consequence, it is only by the work of the intellectual that it is possible to reach and conquer freedom. Vico presents work in its historical development, focusing on the conflict between «heroes» and «famoli», first, and «patricians» and «plebeians», then. In Vico's opinion, work makes little by little the weakest classes aware of their unhappy condition and lays the foundations for a change of society towards democracy. Finally, Longano faces up to the problem of slavery, still very diffused in the second half of the Eighteenth century, by proposing a "communist" society in the utopian city of Filopoli, in which both freedom and equality in work are guaranteed. ; Il saggio prende in esame le tematiche del lavoro e della libertà nell'ambito della filosofia di tre importanti esponenti della cultura moderna di area meridionale: Gianvincenzo Gravina, Giambattista Vico e Francesco Longano. Lavoro e libertà si intrecciano nella speculazione di questi pensatori, anche se diverse sono le problematiche che essi evidenziano relativamente a questo intreccio. Gravina si pone il problema del lavoro intellettuale: il sapiente, nella sua visione culturale, è il solo capace di porre un freno sia all'irruenza del volgo sia all'autoritarismo dei governanti; in questo senso, è solo col lavoro dell'intellettuale che si può giungere alla conquista della libertà. Vico presenta il lavoro nel suo sviluppo storico, ponendolo nell'ottica del conflitto che viene a generarsi fra «eroi» e «famoli», prima, e fra «patrizi» e «plebei», poi; nella concezione del filosofo napoletano il lavoro porta, col tempo, le classi più deboli a prendere coscienza della loro infelice condizione e pone le basi per un cambiamento in senso democratico della società. Longano, infine, prende di petto la questione della schiavitù, ancora viva nella seconda metà del Settecento, giungendo a proporre una società di stampo "comunista" nell'utopia della città di Filopoli, nella quale sono garantite sia la libertà sia l'equità del lavoro.

The Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa is a 3-year Global Context Consortia Award (MR/S004785/1) funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council and the Department of Health and Social Care. The award is also part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union. This work is supported in part by the Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Centre of Excellence for Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII). MUII is supported through the DELTAS Africa Initiative (grant number 107743). The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences and Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa, and is supported by the New Partnership for Africa's Development Planning and Coordinating Agency with funding from the Wellcome Trust (grant number 107743) and the UK Government. This paper was funded in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (grant number U01CA207167). ; Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat that requires urgent research using a multidisciplinary approach. The biological drivers of AMR are well understood, but factors related to treatment seeking and the social contexts of antibiotic (AB) use behaviours are less understood. Here we describe the Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa, a multicentre consortium that investigates the diverse drivers of drug resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in East Africa. Methods and analysis This study will take place in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. We will conduct geospatial mapping of AB sellers, and conduct mystery client studies and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with drug sellers to investigate AB provision practices. In parallel, we will conduct IDIs with doctors, alongside community focus groups. Clinically diagnosed patients with UTI will be recruited from healthcare centres, provide urine samples and complete a questionnaire capturing retrospective treatment pathways, sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes and knowledge. Bacterial isolates from urine and stool samples will be subject to culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Genomic DNA from bacterial isolates will be extracted with a subset being sequenced. A follow-up household interview will be conducted with 1800 UTI-positive patients, where further environmental samples will be collected. A subsample of patients will be interviewed using qualitative tools. Questionnaire data, microbiological analysis and qualitative data will be linked at the individual level. Quantitative data will be analysed using statistical modelling, including Bayesian network analysis, and all forms of qualitative data analysed through iterative thematic content analysis. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

This article is aimed at reflecting on the concept of governance and its possibilities of implementation in the Colombian sphere, understanding that, although it has been approached in an incipient way and endowed with countless adjectives that manage to blur its scope, it can deepen the quality of public action, the agency of resources, the coordination of actors, as well as the promotion of democratic values. Thus, this approach sets out to establish that the generative potential of governance should not respond to a simple theoretical arrangement or methodological refinement that omits institutional design, political scenarios, social dynamics and local contexts which often manage to break the scope of what is prescribed in order to be presented from a resourceful and unprecedented point of view. This is how, finally, all bets are placed on the notion of governance without adjectives, where a performative culture is promoted that repoliticizes the different spheres of social life, strengthens spaces for citizen participation and recognizes the plurality of interests, in an attempt to resolve tensions, increase citizen control and develop viable alternatives in order to promote the common good and (co)responsibility around the most felt needs and the most pressing challenges. ; Este artículo está orientado a reflexionar en torno al concepto de gobernanza y sus posibilidades de implementación en el ámbito colombiano, entendiendo que, aunque ha sido abordado de manera incipiente y dotado de un sinnúmero de adjetivos que consiguen desdibujar su alcance, puede llegar a profundizar la calidad de la acción pública, el agenciamiento de recursos, la coordinación de actores, así como la promoción de valores democráticos. Esta aproximación busca entonces que el potencial generativo de la gobernanza no responda a un simple arreglo teórico o refinamiento metodológico que omita el diseño institucional, los escenarios políticos, las dinámicas sociales y los contextos locales que logran muchas veces quebrar el ámbito de lo prescrito para presentarse desde lo recursivo e inédito. Es así como finalmente se apuesta por la noción de gobernanza sin adjetivos, en donde se promueva una cultura performativa que repolitice las distintas esferas de la vida social, fortalezca los espacios de participación ciudadana y reconozca la pluralidad de intereses, en un intento por dirimir las tensiones, incrementar el control ciudadano y elaborar alternativas viables con el fin de promover el bien común y la (co)responsabilidad alrededor de las necesidades más sentidas y los retos más acuciosos.

The exponential growth of science, in all spheres of modern life, is a big challenge forevery person, in order to find a way to follow these changes. The belief in theeconomy, politics, leading elites, as well as in the media is probably at the lowestpossible level, not only nationally and regionally, but also globally. Using differentcommunication channels (like social networks as the simplest communicationchannels) each stakeholder can give negative reviews and comments about anorganization. In such difficult and challenging business conditions, the usual methodsand theories of management do not work best at all levels of cooperation and action.The reason for this probably lies in the fact that while the world is changing rapidly,transforming itself into new forms, management as a science fails to follow in parallel,the steps of all the changes and processes caused by globalization. The competitionfor talents in the labor market today, requires additional effort from the managementof organizations. If we take into account that fact (from many others), we can clearlysee that a "new" time is coming in which managers need to be constantly(re)inventive, both in terms of themselves, as a person, but also in term of managingtheir organizations, too. For those who want to create the necessary change and adaptto modern functioning, this "journey" can be a significant evolution on an individual,collective and global level filled with many innovations and challenges. The pandemicthat brought a major crisis situation at all levels, on the other hand, led to changes inthe management methodology. All these crisis situations put the leaders to a hugetest to prove, which of them is the real manager in bad times so as in good times, andwhich remains even a step behind or down, because he cannot face the challengesfirst as a person himself, and then on the other hand to adapt the employees to thenewly imposed working conditions, without disturbing the humanitarian aspect. The"new" time proved to be a time of significant changes that dictate a different culture ofliving, different experiencing things, re-examining all the trends that are aimed at akind of growth and development of the person, that steps with enormous speedthrough all changes and processes, as a being, a person, a motivator, an innovator, amanager, to finally realize that until the "I" didn't turns into the "WE", we cannot talkabout any leadership, in context of all the challenges, that only the right manager canface every day.

Throughout the immediate postwar period, the discourse on the nation was articulated around the assumption that the new Spain was inherently virile. Showing clear continuities with the previous regeneracionismo, the notion of virility, which was crosscutting enough to the different political cultures that conformed the regime, was constructed with two kind of attributes: those which alluded to force, vigor and impetus, and those which referred to sobriety, composure and control. In exchange, working as the opposite, the danger of effeminacy supposed both the version of the nation lacking the impulse typical of virility as well as the distortion in excess that resulted in a tasteless, gaudy and histrionic version. Taking the previous argument as a point of departure, the article is focused specifically on the discourse developed around the first celebration of the valencian Fallas after the end of the civil war, the one which took place on March 1940. Considering that it was an ambiguous celebration due to its local taste and rowdy character, the hypothesis of the text is that it needed to be reformulated in order to fit into the main discourse of national virility. The analysis of this discourse, as well as its limits and achievements, constitute the main goal of this article. ; El presente artículo parte de la consideración de que, a lo largo de la inmediata posguerra, el discurso sobre la nación se articuló a partir de la asunción de que la nueva España que había vencido en la guerra civil era intrínsecamente viril. Mostrando fuertes continuidades con el discurso regeneracionista previo, la noción de virilidad —una noción suficientemente transversal a las diferentes culturas políticas franquistas— se articuló a partir de atributos que hablaban de fuerza, vigor e ímpetu, a la par que de sobriedad, compostura y control. A cambio, funcionando de antítesis, el peligro del afeminamiento implicaba, tanto una versión de la nación carente del impulso propio de la virilidad como una distorsión por exceso que desembocaba en una versión histriónica, chabacana y bufa. Partiendo de lo anterior, el artículo se centra de forma concreta en el discurso desarrollado en torno a la celebración de las primeras Fallas de posguerra, las festejadas en marzo de 1940, considerando que se trató de una fiesta ambigua, por localista y bullanguera, que necesitó de una depuración narrativa destinada a virilizarla. El análisis de dicho discurso, así como sus límites y alcances, es el objetivo principal de este texto.