Suchergebnisse

Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Yakehalli-2 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 344 ha in Yakehalli-2 Microwatershed of Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as droughtprone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 188 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils and about 156 ha by rock outcrops. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below.  The soils belong to 2 soil series and 2 soil phases (management units) and 2 land management units.  The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October.  From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated.  Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval.  Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated.  Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture.  About 52 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are very shallow (0.75%) and 31 per cent is medium (0.50-0.75%) in organic carbon content.  About 8 per cent area is medium (23-57 kg/ha) and 47 per cent is high (> 57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus of the microwatershed.  Entire cultivated area is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in available potassium of the microwatershed.  Available sulphur is low (4.5 ppm) in 28 per cent and deficient (0.6 ppm) in 16 per cent area of the microwatershed.  The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. xv Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 10(3) Guava - - Maize - 10(3) Sapota - - Bajra - 10(3) Pomegranate - - Groundnut - 10(3) Musambi - - Sunflower - - Lime - - Redgram - - Amla - 10(3) Bengal gram - - Cashew - - Cotton - - Jackfruit - - Chilli - 10(3) Jamun - - Tomato - 10(3) Custard apple - 10(3) Brinjal - 10(3) Tamarind - - Onion - 10(3) Mulberry - - Bhendi - 10(3) Marigold - 10(3) Drumstick - - Chrysanthemum - 10(3) Mango - -  Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LUCs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and horticulture crops.  Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.,  Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.  As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and sub marginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project

Not Available ; The land resource inventory of Yadgir Rf8 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 357 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 76 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils and about 281 ha by rock outcrops. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below.  The soils belong to 4 soil series and 4 soil phases (management units) and 3 land management units.  The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October.  From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated.  Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval.  Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated.  Entire cultivated area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture.  About 12 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are moderately deep (75 - 100 cm) and 10 per cent soils are very very shallow (0.75%), 9 per cent is medium (0.50-0.75%) and 1 per cent is low (4.5 ppm) in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed.  Available manganese and copper are sufficient in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed.  Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed.  The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 38(11) 3(1) Guava - 41(12) Maize 38(11) 3(1) Sapota - 41(12) Bajra 38(11) 3(1) Pomegranate - 41(12) Groundnut - 41(12) Musambi - 41(12) Sunflower - 41(12) Lime - 41(12) Redgram - 41(12) Amla 38(11) 3(1) Bengal gram - - Cashew - - Cotton - 38(11) Jackfruit - 41(12) Chilli 38(11) - Jamun - - Tomato 38(11) - Custard apple - 41(12) Brinjal 38(11) - Tamarind - - Onion 38(11) - Mulberry - 41(12) Bhendi 38(11) - Marigold 38(11) - Drumstick - 41(12) Chrysanthemum 38(11) - Mango - -  Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and horticulture crops.  Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.,  Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.  As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and sub marginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change ; Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project

BMWFW (Austria) ; FWF (Austria) ; FNRS (Belgium) ; FWO (Belgium) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; MES (Bulgaria) ; CERN ; CAS (China) ; MoST (China) ; NSFC (China) ; COLCIENCIAS (Colombia) ; MSES (Croatia) ; CSF (Croatia) ; RPF (Cyprus) ; MoER (Estonia) ; ERCIUT (Estonia) ; ERDF (Estonia) ; Academy of Finland (Finland) ; MEC (Finland) ; HIP (Finland) ; CEA (France) ; CNRS/IN2P3 (France) ; BMBF (Germany) ; DFG (Germany) ; HGF (Germany) ; GSRT (Greece) ; OTKA (Hungary) ; NIH (Hungary) ; DAE (India) ; DST (India) ; IPM (Iran) ; SFI (Ireland) ; INFN (Italy) ; MSIP (Republic of Korea) ; NRF (Republic of Korea) ; LAS (Lithuania) ; MOE (Malaysia) ; UM (Malaysia) ; BUAP (Mexico) ; CINVES-TAV (Mexico) ; CONACYT (Mexico) ; LNS (Mexico) ; SEP (Mexico) ; UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ; MBIE (New Zealand) ; PAEC (Pakistan) ; MSHE (Poland) ; NSC (Poland) ; FCT (Portugal) ; JINR (Dubna) ; MON (Russia) ; RosAtom (Russia) ; RAS (Russia) ; RFBR (Russia) ; MESTD (Serbia) ; SEIDI (Spain) ; CPAN (Spain) ; Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland) ; MST (Taipei) ; ThEPCenter (Thailand) ; IPST (Thailand) ; STAR (Thailand) ; NSTDA (Thailand) ; TUBITAK (Turkey) ; TAEK (Turkey) ; NASU (Ukraine) ; SFFR (Ukraine) ; STFC (United Kingdom) ; DOE (USA) ; NSF (USA) ; Marie-Curie programme (European Union) ; European Research Council (European Union) ; EPLANET (European Union) ; Leventis Foundation ; A. P. Sloan Foundation ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium) ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium) ; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic ; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India ; HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science ; European Union, Regional Development Fund ; Mobility Plus programme of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) ; OPUS programme of the National Science Center (Poland) ; MIUR (Italy) ; Thalis and Aristeia programmes ; EU-ESF ; Greek NSRF ; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund ; Programa Clarin-COFUND del Principado de Asturias ; Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) ; Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand) ; Welch Foundation ; Science and Technology Facilities Council ; MIUR (Italy): 20108T4XTM ; Welch Foundation: C-1845 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J005479/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N001273/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001256/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000250/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 GRID PP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M002020/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I000305/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003224/1 CMS Upgrades ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: PP/E000479/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M004775/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001531/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/N000242/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/L005603/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001639/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I003622/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/M004775/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/J004871/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K003542/1 GRIDPP ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: CMS ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: PP/E002803/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/H000925/2 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/I003622/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/H000925/1 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council: ST/K001639/1 CMS Upgrades ; A search for new physics is performed using events with two isolated same-sign leptons, two or more jets, and missing transverse momentum. The results are based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 . Multiple search regions are defined by classifying events in terms of missing transverse momentum, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta, the transverse mass associated with a boson candidate, the number of jets, the number of quark jets, and the transverse momenta of the leptons in the event. The analysis is sensitive to a wide variety of possible signals beyond the standard model. No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed. Constraints are set on various supersymmetric models, with gluinos and bottom squarks excluded for masses up to 1300 and 680, respectively, at the 95 % confidence level. Upper limits on the cross sections for the production of two top quark-antiquark pairs (119) and two same-sign top quarks (1.7) are also obtained. Selection efficiencies and model independent limits are provided to allow further interpretations of the results.

My dissertation, titled "Transnational Crime Fictions and Argentina's Criminal State," proposes a new understanding of the dictatorship novels of Ricardo Piglia, Juan José Saer, and Manuel Puig grounded in their shared appropriation from popular crime fiction. Across the 1940's, 50's, and 60's, a wide range of popular crime fiction was translated, written, theorized, printed and reprinted in Argentina, and these popular genres grew steadily in readership, visibility, and cultural legitimacy. These genres were largely dismissed as insipid forms of mass-culture entertainment by contemporary criticism, however, and their relevance has been downplayed by literary history to this day. My study of the novels of these influential authors restores this context in order to highlight their appropriations from these undervalued narrative traditions, in which they found incipient forms of social critique and unique modes of representing history and the social order. In three genre-focused studies, the dissertation maps out vernacular sources for these authors' formal experiments, linking a generational fixation on "active reading" to a contemporary reconsideration of sensationalism and melodrama; the problematics of historiography to the tenuous boundary between crime fiction and crime journalism; and, finally, the polemic psychoanalysis of violence to the unpleasures of the lurid psychological thriller.Beyond reconsidering one generation of Argentine literary history and its relationship to popular culture, this work also functions more generally as a case study in how avant-garde literature poaches forms from popular culture in order to access the imagination of "the masses". The dissertation begins with a brief pre-history of crime fiction in the work of Jorge Luis Borges and the generation immediately before that of Puig, Piglia, and Saer. Borges put one form of crime fiction at the heart of his epochal project for a speculative and "irreverent" modernism in the 1940's, yet emphatically rejected any other direct contact with mass culture. When the next generation challenged Borges' taboo on melodrama, they did so by shifting their focus from the least melodramatic forms of crime fiction to the most melodramatic ones. Thus, I focus on the forms of social critique particular to these melodramatic crime narratives, such as the spectularized martyrology of Puig's Boquitas pintadas, the small-town naturalism of Saer's Cicatrices, and the gendered sentiments of Piglia's early short fiction. These works are read against melodramatic intertexts that were being reprinted and reconsidered in that period: James M. Cain's Mildred Pierce, William Faulkner's Light in August, and Roberto Arlt's Los siete locos, respectively.Honing in on that boundary between fiction and journalism, the dissertation then plots out various conceptions of the author in true-crime fiction, creative non-fiction, and the more overtly polemic testimonio tradition against the backdrop of the Cold War. This entails a detailed consideration of the legacy of bridge-figure Rodolfo Walsh, whose populist works of crime-fiction and reportage redrew the boundaries between the literary and the popular spheres. I read Piglia's nostalgic and ironically testimonial Plata quemada (1999) as a working through of Walsh's legacy, updating his Cold War ethics of writerly veracity to the age of television and to the postdictatorial problematics of memory. Similarly, I read Puig's Beso de la mujer araña (1976), his Maldición eternal a quien lea estas páginas (1980), and Saer's Glosa (1986) as three distinct explorations of the readerly psychology of sensationalism and of the limits of testimonio. In these works, confession is considered as an inadequate mechanism for the memory work demanded of literature by post-dictatorial society.Finally, the dissertation attempts to provide a tentative theory and genealogy of the three psychological dictatorship thrillers written by Puig, Piglia and Saer, constitutively marked by readerly affects of paranoia, doubt, and menace. Drawing from Piglia's evolving definitions of "paranoid fiction" and its generically diverse sources, I frame these thrillers as affective-manipulative hybrid texts responding to the historiographical impasse of totalitarianism. Starting with Puig's prescient psychoanalytic thriller, The Buenos Aires Affair (1969), I look to Hitchcock's Freudianism and the vernacular of the thriller as sources for a tradition, beginning with Puig, of psychopathologizing Argentine fascism. I consider Piglia's Respiración artificial (1980) not only as a novelistic critique of psychological and linguistic transparency, but also as modernist form of thriller following Puig's lead. Saer's novelistic representation of life under the menace of totalitarian violence, Nadie nada nunca (1980), is an equally hybrid of diverse cultural narratives structured by a rhetoric of aporia, combining high philosophy, psychoanalysis, and the most base pop-culture fantasies as equally inadequate approaches to the psychopathology of the criminal State. These polemical experiments in the limits of narrative representation are the culmination of a generational project of historiographical and novelistic experiment, the scope, scale, and importance of which fails to come into view without a restoration of the cultural context of their production and an expansion of the purview of literary studies.

The world economy is evolving towards multipolar globalization, and China has become a new pole of economic development. Ukraine, like other countries, is looking for ways to cooperate with China in the field of trade and investment. China, for its part, offers a model of cooperation within the framework of the OBOR (One Belt, One Road) initiative. Along with Chinese investment in transport and logistics infrastructure, OBOR aims to conclude FTAs with the countries participating in the initiative; thus, the article focuses on the issues of trade, and Ukraine's industrial and innovation policy in the context of the OBOR initiative. A comparative analysis of both countries' trade and industrial policies was conducted to provide a basis for evaluation. The terms of trade between Ukraine and China are not symmetrical due to the difference in the scale of the economy and trade. Additionally, Ukraine's trade regime is relatively liberal, while the Chinese market is protected by higher tariff and non‑tariff barriers. Furthermore, the current situation in mutual trade is asymmetric. Ukraine exports mainly raw materials to China, while exports from China to Ukraine are dominated by investment and consumer goods. The import dependence of the Ukrainian economy, in general, is high without any noticeable signs of decline. In 2014–2018, the share of imports of goods and services in GDP in Ukraine averaged 54% (for comparison, in China, this parameter was 19%). In 2018, 55% of Ukraine's negative balance in trade in goods was due to trade with China. China seeks to conclude FTAs under the OBOR initiative, but in the current context, the liberalization of trade regimes with China will result in Ukraine growing its raw material exports to China and increasing its dependence on Chinese imports. On the other hand, China's investment, production, research, and technological opportunities can become an important resource for Ukraine to modernize its economy. Promising areas of Chinese investment include high technology, in particular, aviation, shipbuilding, bioengineering, the development of new materials, and more. Ukraine is interested in China's experience in implementing a number of state programs in the field of innovation development of Chinese industrial enterprises. The support system for clusters, industrial parks, Free Economic Zones (FEZs), and technology parks can be recommended for introduction into Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of developing an innovation structure in Ukraine. ; Gospodarka światowa ewoluuje w kierunku wielobiegunowej globalizacji, a Chiny stały się nowym biegunem rozwoju gospodarczego. Ukraina, podobnie jak inne kraje, szuka sposobów współpracy z Chinami w zakresie handlu i inwestycji. Z kolei Chiny oferują model współpracy w ramach inicjatywy OBOR. Ponieważ oprócz chińskich inwestycji w infrastrukturę transportowo‑logistyczną OBOR ma na celu zawarcie umów o wolnym handlu z krajami uczestniczącymi w inicjatywie, artykuł skupia się na zagadnieniach polityki handlowej, przemysłowej i innowacyjnej Ukrainy w kontekście inicjatywy OBOR. Warunki handlu między Ukrainą a Chinami nie są symetryczne ze względu na różnice w wielkości gospodarek i handlu. Warunki handlu na Ukrainie są również dość liberalne, podczas gdy rynek chiński jest chroniony przez wyższe bariery o charakterze taryfowym i pozataryfowym. Obecna sytuacja we wzajemnym handlu ma również charakter asymetryczny. Ukraina eksportuje do Chin głównie surowce, podczas gdy eksport z Chin na Ukrainę jest zdominowany przez dobra inwestycyjne i konsumpcyjne. Zależność ukraińskiej gospodarki od importu jest duża, bez zauważalnych oznak spadku. W latach 2014–2018 udział importu towarów i usług w PKB na Ukrainie wynosił średnio 54% (dla porównania w Chinach – 19%). 55% ujemnego salda handlu Ukrainy towarami w 2018 roku było wynikiem wymiany handlowej z Chinami. Chiny dążą do zawarcia umów o wolnym handlu w ramach inicjatywy OBOR, ale w obecnej sytuacji liberalizacja handlu z Chinami spowoduje wzrost ukraińskiego eksportu surowców do Chin i zwiększy zależność od chińskiego importu. Z drugiej strony możliwości inwestycyjne, produkcyjne oraz naukowe i technologiczne Chin mogą stać się znaczącym czynnikiem służącym modernizacji gospodarczej Ukrainy. Gałęzie przemysłu wysokich technologii, takie jak lotnictwo, przemysł stoczniowy, bioinżynieria, rozwój nowych materiałów itp., są obiecującymi obszarami przyciągającymi chińskie inwestycje. Interesujące dla Ukrainy są chińskie doświadczenia w realizacji szeregu programów państwowych w zakresie rozwoju innowacji w chińskich przedsiębiorstwach przemysłowych. Wskazane jest wprowadzenie systemu wspierania klastrów, parków przemysłowych, Wolnych Stref Ekonomicznych (WSE) i parków technologicznych do ukraińskiego ustawodawstwa dotyczącego systemu innowacji na Ukrainie.

The world economy is evolving towards multipolar globalization, and China has become a new pole of economic development. Ukraine, like other countries, is looking for ways to cooperate with China in the field of trade and investment. China, for its part, offers a model of cooperation within the framework of the OBOR (One Belt, One Road) initiative. Along with Chinese investment in transport and logistics infrastructure, OBOR aims to conclude FTAs with the countries participating in the initiative; thus, the article focuses on the issues of trade, and Ukraine's industrial and innovation policy in the context of the OBOR initiative. A comparative analysis of both countries' trade and industrial policies was conducted to provide a basis for evaluation. The terms of trade between Ukraine and China are not symmetrical due to the difference in the scale of the economy and trade. Additionally, Ukraine's trade regime is relatively liberal, while the Chinese market is protected by higher tariff and non‑tariff barriers. Furthermore, the current situation in mutual trade is asymmetric. Ukraine exports mainly raw materials to China, while exports from China to Ukraine are dominated by investment and consumer goods.The import dependence of the Ukrainian economy, in general, is high without any noticeable signs of decline. In 2014–2018, the share of imports of goods and services in GDP in Ukraine averaged 54% (for comparison, in China, this parameter was 19%). In 2018, 55% of Ukraine's negative balance in trade in goods was due to trade with China. China seeks to conclude FTAs under the OBOR initiative, but in the current context, the liberalization of trade regimes with China will result in Ukraine growing its raw material exports to China and increasing its dependence on Chinese imports. On the other hand, China's investment, production, research, and technological opportunities can become an important resource for Ukraine to modernize its economy. Promising areas of Chinese investment include high technology, in particular, aviation, shipbuilding, bioengineering, the development of new materials, and more. Ukraine is interested in China's experience in implementing a number of state programs in the field of innovation development of Chinese industrial enterprises. The support system for clusters, industrial parks, Free Economic Zones (FEZs), and technology parks can be recommended for introduction into Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of developing an innovation structure in Ukraine. ; Gospodarka światowa ewoluuje w kierunku wielobiegunowej globalizacji, a Chiny stały się nowym biegunem rozwoju gospodarczego. Ukraina, podobnie jak inne kraje, szuka sposobów współpracy z Chinami w zakresie handlu i inwestycji. Z kolei Chiny oferują model współpracy w ramach inicjatywy OBOR. Ponieważ oprócz chińskich inwestycji w infrastrukturę transportowo‑logistyczną OBOR ma na celu zawarcie umów o wolnym handlu z krajami uczestniczącymi w inicjatywie, artykuł skupia się na zagadnieniach polityki handlowej, przemysłowej i innowacyjnej Ukrainy w kontekście inicjatywy OBOR. Warunki handlu między Ukrainą a Chinami nie są symetryczne ze względu na różnice w wielkości gospodarek i handlu. Warunki handlu na Ukrainie są również dość liberalne, podczas gdy rynek chiński jest chroniony przez wyższe bariery o charakterze taryfowym i pozataryfowym. Obecna sytuacja we wzajemnym handlu ma również charakter asymetryczny. Ukraina eksportuje do Chin głównie surowce, podczas gdy eksport z Chin na Ukrainę jest zdominowany przez dobra inwestycyjne i konsumpcyjne. Zależność ukraińskiej gospodarki od importu jest duża, bez zauważalnych oznak spadku. W latach 2014–2018 udział importu towarów i usług w PKB na Ukrainie wynosił średnio 54% (dla porównania w Chinach – 19%). 55% ujemnego salda handlu Ukrainy towarami w 2018 roku było wynikiem wymiany handlowej z Chinami. Chiny dążą do zawarcia umów o wolnym handlu w ramach inicjatywy OBOR, ale w obecnej sytuacji liberalizacja handlu z Chinami spowoduje wzrost ukraińskiego eksportu surowców do Chin i zwiększy zależność od chińskiego importu. Z drugiej strony możliwości inwestycyjne, produkcyjne oraz naukowe i technologiczne Chin mogą stać się znaczącym czynnikiem służącym modernizacji gospodarczej Ukrainy. Gałęzie przemysłu wysokich technologii, takie jak lotnictwo, przemysł stoczniowy, bioinżynieria, rozwój nowych materiałów itp., są obiecującymi obszarami przyciągającymi chińskie inwestycje. Interesujące dla Ukrainy są chińskie doświadczenia w realizacji szeregu programów państwowych w zakresie rozwoju innowacji w chińskich przedsiębiorstwach przemysłowych. Wskazane jest wprowadzenie systemu wspierania klastrów, parków przemysłowych, Wolnych Stref Ekonomicznych (WSE) i parków technologicznych do ukraińskiego ustawodawstwa dotyczącego systemu innowacji na Ukrainie.

The general trend of agricultural land in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to tilt towards land scarcity emanating from farm household-level population pressure and increase in urbanisation rates. Understanding the agricultural household decisions nexus or linkages in ownership and access to agricultural land and non-land factor of production is of interest in policy research for development and transformation of rural economies in SSA. This thesis contributes to this scholarly literature. The objective is to assess the changing trends in land transactions, opportunities and constraints in institutions that facilitate transfers and distribution of agricultural land among smallholder farm households in Malawi, a country in SSA. Four independent but related empirical research papers in chapters two to five of this thesis address this objective, with a summary of the overall policy implications in the introduction chapter. The first research paper assesses the important spatial and intertemporal changes in the land shadow values or prices that shape patterns of agricultural land valuation and transactions. Paper two analyses the dynamic nature of transaction costs in the land rental markets that can facilitate land transactions in a market. Paper three addresses the question of whether downside and upside lagged rainfall shock effects, can kick-start access to rented land among potential tenants. Lastly, the fourth paper jointly assesses the farm household decisions to either rent-in land or hire out labour for casual work in seasonal agricultural labour markets. Almost a decade after global policy discussions on large-scale land transfers in SSA, this thesis recommends the need to refocus land policy discussions to improving farm household-level access to agricultural land. The agricultural development policies and land use strategies should promote land campaigns that can improve low-cost access to land market information at the local or community level. These policies and strategies should also aim at easing the capital burden or liquidity constraints amongst potential tenant households in the agricultural sector. The land information dissemination initiatives can take advantage of the existing agricultural extension and information systems. On the other hand, initiatives like establishing a land bank or implementing subsidies, can ease the capital burden and support agricultural operations or other household needs among farming households. With recurring rainfall shocks in Malawi, these initiatives should also target rural areas most affected by downside rainfall shocks. Overall, reducing the friction in the land markets can sustain livelihoods and contribute to the transformation of both rural and urban areas, as land scarcity challenges continue in Malawi. ; Landbruksland er i ferd med å bli en stadig knappere faktor i Afrika sør for Sahara (SSA) på grunn av økende befolkningspress og urbanisering. Forståelse av bønders tilpasning, eierskap og tilgang til land og andre produksjonsfaktorer er viktig for politikkutforming for bedre utvikling og transformasjon av rurale områder i SSA. Denne avhandlingen er et bidrag til litteraturen på dette området. Målsettingen er å analysere endringene i eiendomsforhold, institusjonelle muligheter og skranker som påvirker transaksjoner og eierstruktur blant småbrukere i Malawi, et land i SSA. Målsettingen oppfylles gjennom fire uavhengige, men relaterte artikler i kapittel to til fem i avhandlingen, samt en introduksjon i kapittel en som ser på overordnede politikkimplikasjoner. Den første artikkelen studerer geografisk variasjon og endringer over tid i skyggepriser på land som mål på verdsetting av landbruksland og landtransaksjoner. Den andre artikkelen analyserer hvordan transaksjonskostnader endrer seg dynamisk i leiemarkeder for land som bidrar til omfordeling av land. Artikkel fire studerer hvordan klimasjokk i form av tørke og flom påvirker omsetningen av land gjennom leiemarkeder. Den siste artikkelen analyserer hvordan småbønders beslutninger om å leie ut arbeidskraft og leie inn land henger sammen. Nesten et tiår etter de globale diskusjonene om store landtransaksjoner i SSA knyttet til høye energi- og matpriser, anbefaler denne avhandlingen et nytt fokus på landpolitikk for å bedre tilgangen til land for bønder. Landbrukspolitikken og strategien bør fokusere på kampanjer som kan redusere kostnadene med å få tilgang til land gjennom bedre markedsinformasjon på lokalt nivå. Denne politikken og virkemidlene bør vektlegge å redusere kapitalbehovet og likviditetsskranker blant potensielle landfattige leietakere i landbrukssektoren. Spredningen av landinformasjon kan gjøres gjennom eksisterende veilednings- og informasjonssystemer. I tillegg kan en landbank eller subsidier brukes til å lette på kapitalskrankene for å bønder som renger det. Tiltak bør særlig rettes mot områder utsatt for klimasjokk som tørke. Ved å redusere friksjonen i landmarkedene kan bønder lettere tilpasse seg endrede rammebetingelser i rurale og urbane områder i Malawi.

1) Forschungsziel: Die bestehenden Untersuchungen zur Rolle des Glasbausteins in der modernen Architektur beschränken sich auf summarische Darstellungen und auf zeitlich und geographisch begrenzte Räume. Diese Betrachtungsweise versucht die vorliegende Arbeit zu ersetzen durch eine Untersuchung der übergreifenden technischen Entwicklungen, die sich seit den 1880er Jahren zwischen Amerika, Frankreich und Deutschland als den relevanten Stationen vollzogen. Den z. T. durch Unternehmen oder Architekten getragenen wechselseitigen Einflüssen zwischen den Schauplätzen der Entwicklung gilt dabei ein besonderes Augenmerk. Dabei sollen nicht nur die technischen Entwicklungen berücksichtigt werden, sondern auch gesellschaftspolitische Umstände und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Architektur. Eine Betrachtung zur Zukunft des Glasbausteins als Bauelement und eine Bewertung seiner Auswirkung auf das architektonische Denken schließen die Arbeit ab. Ein separater Abbildungskatalog ergänzt den chronologisch strukturierten Textteil. 2) Recherchequellen und -methoden: Neben der Standardwerken zur Geschichte des Glases als Baumaterial und den Einzeldarstellungen in der Fachpresse stützt sich die Recherche der vorliegenden Arbeit in erster Linie auf die Auswertung von Archivdokumenten. Die Recherche in der Bibliothek der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft in Offenbach, im Archiv des Deutschen Museums in München und im Archiv von Saint-Gobain in Blois erwiesen sich für Arbeit als die ergiebigsten Quellen. Dazu zählen auch die überlassenen Dokumente des Corning Museum of Glass. Eine bedeutende Quelle technischer Informationen lag im Zugriff auf internationale Patente durch die Online-Patentdatenbanken. Persönliche und schriftliche Kontakte zu Zeitzeugen bzw. Informationen zu den aktuellen Planungen zeitgenössischer Architekturbüros bildeten einen wichtigen Teil der Recherche. 3) Ergebnisse: Der 1886 durch Falconnier in der Schweiz erfundene brique de verre markiert die Trennung in der Entwicklung des scheibenförmigen Glases zum körperhaften Glas als Baumaterial. Die sich zunächst in Europa vollziehende und in der bisherigen Forschung nicht dargestellte Entwicklung seiner Idee findet Mitte der 1930er Jahre in Amerika das adäquate Verfahren der Herstellung, das die maschinelle Massenproduktion des glass block ermöglichte. In der wirtschaftlich und politisch bedrückenden Atmosphäre der Weltwirtschaftskrise bzw. der Nachkriegszeit wird der Glasbaustein zum architektonischen Symbol des "Bauens mit Licht". Sein Durchbruch als transluzentes Baumaterial ganzer Wände wiederholt sich in Europa nach dem 2. Weltkrieg. Auf die veränderten energiepolitischen Anforderungen der 1980er Jahre findet die Glasbausteinindustrie erst nach der Jahrtausendwende neue, innovative Antworten – zu spät um ihn als Material einer breiten Baukultur zu retten. Aktuelle technologische Anstrengungen jüngerer Architekten und Glasbauunternehmen versuchen dennoch, den Glasbaustein als Fassadenmaterial zu rehabilitieren oder ihm neue architektonische Gestaltungsbereiche zu erschließen. Der Glasbaustein hat dem architektonischen Verständnis der Wand als raumbegrenzendes Element neue Möglichkeiten der räumlichen Trennung hinzugefügt. Darüber hinaus ist ein Einfluss auf konzeptuelle Entwurfsüberlegungen nicht feststellbar. ; 1) Research objective: Existing studies on the impact and implications of the glass block/glass brick in modern architecture are restricted to summary representations and to temporally and geographically limited spaces. The present study is an attempt to replace this approach with an investigation of the overarching technical developments that occured since the 1880s between America, France and Germany. Particular attention is paid to the mutual influences initiated by entrepreneurs or architects between the locations of development. Both, technical developments and socio-political circumstances are considered including their effects on architecture. The work concludes with an assessment of the future of the glass block/glass brick as a building element and an evaluation of its impact on architectural thinking. A separate catalogue of illustrations supplements the chronologically structured text section. 2) Research sources and methods: Research of the present work is based primarily on the evaluation of archive documents including the standard documents on the history of glass as a building material plus the individual depictions in the specialised press. The most substantial sources for this research proved to be in the library of the German Glass Technical Society in Offenbach, in the archive of the German Museum in Munich and in the archive of Saint-Gobain in Blois (France). These include the documents made available by the Corning Museum of Glass. The access to international patents through the online patent databases opened important sources of technical information. An important part of the research resulted from personal and written communication with contemporary witnesses and from information on current design strategies, made available by contemporary architectural offices. 3) Results: The brique de verre, invented by Gustave Falconnier in Switzerland in 1886, marks the transition in the development of the planar glass as building material towards a volumetric glass. The development of Falconniers idea, which initially took place in Europe (and is not represented in previous research), found the adequate manufacturing process in America in the mid-1930s, which enabled the mechanical mass production of glass block. The glass block became an architectural symbol of "building with light" during the economically and politically oppressive atmosphere of the world economic crisis or the post-war period. Its breakthrough as a translucent building material for entire walls is repeated in Europe after the Second World War. The glass block industry did not find new, innovative answers to changes in energy policy requirements of the 1980s until after the turn of the millennium - too late to rescue it as a material for a broad building culture. Current technological efforts of younger architects and glass construction companies nevertheless constitute attempts to rehabilitate the glass block as a façade material and as potential for new architectural design visions. As an element of an expanded building culture the glass block must be looked upon as a historic material. It has broadened our architectural understanding of the wall as a building element. Beyond that an impact on architectural layout and designs is not traceable.

Der hohe Krankheitsdruck im Schweizer Rebbau durch den Echten und den Falschen Mehltau führt im Vergleich zum kleinen Anteil an der Landwirtschaftsfläche zu sehr hohen Pflanzen-schutzmittel-Einsätzen. Aktuelle Entwicklungen in Gesellschaft und Politik zeigen, dass der Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln immer kritischer beurteilt wird. Pilzwiderstandsfähige Rebsorten bieten sich dabei als die optimale Lösung an. Diese Sorten entstehen durch Kreuzungszüchtung und vereinen die Weinqualität der Europäersorten mit den Resistenzen von amerikanischen oder asiatischen Reben. Neben den ökologischen haben diese Sorten auch ökonomische Vorteile aufgrund der viel geringeren Ausgaben für Pflanzenschutzmittel und der Einsparung von Arbeits- und Maschinen-Ressourcen. Trotz diesen Vorteilen werden bloss auf 1.92% der gesamten Rebfläche in der Schweiz Piwis angebaut. Die Gründe liegen weniger bei den Konsumenten, als bei der geringen Akzeptanz dieser neuen Sorten in der Branche. In dieser Arbeit werden Massnahmen zur Förderung der Akzeptanz von Piwis in der Weinbranche vorgeschlagen. In einem ersten Teil werden die Gründe für den geringen Piwi-Anbau aufgrund der Literatur erforscht und darauf basierend Fördermassnahmen ausformuliert. Diese werden einerseits quantitativ mittels einer Live-Befragung von über 150 Fachleuten an den Wädenswiler Weintagen auf deren Nutzen beurteilt. Andererseits erfolgt eine qualitative Beurteilung durch Experten-Interviews mit 11 Wein-Fachleuten aus den Bereichen Produktion, Handel und Bildung. Die grösste Herausforderung wird aufgrund der fehlenden Erfahrung mit der andersartigen Weinstilistik in der Vinifikation gesehen. Gefolgt von der Vermarktung von neuen, unbekannten Sorten und der Unsicherheit bei der Sortenwahl. Als nützlichste Förder-massnahme wird der Praxisaustausch mit Fachdegustationen eingeschätzt. Das Zurverfügungstellen von Infomaterial und die Thematisierung in der Bildung werden als weitere wichtige Massnahmen bewertet. Für die Vermarktung wird mit grosser Übereinstimmung die Bezeichnung «Neue Sorten» anstelle von «Piwi» oder anderen Bezeichnungen vorgezogen. Qualitativ sehr guter Wein wird als wichtigstes Verkaufsargument genannt und weiterführende Informationen zur besseren Nachhaltigkeit von Piwis werden als positive Ergänzung gesehen. Die Resultate der Studie legen ein schrittweises Vorgehen nahe: Als erstes müssen die Akteure der Weinbranche von der Piwi-Qualität überzeugt bzw. begeistert werden. Erst dann können die Weine erfolgreich im Markt eingeführt werden. Die Bildung von Wertschöpfungs-Netzwerken für den interaktiven Austausch zwischen Forschung und Praxis ermöglichen hierbei die Entwicklung von Best Practices Beispielen, die in der Branche sichtbar gemacht werden können und die Akzeptanz fördern. Alle sind sich einig, dass nur qualitativ gute Weine verkauft werden können. Die Weinbranche hat es also selbst in der Hand, ob diese künftig vermehrt aus neuen Sorten gekeltert werden und damit proaktiv und verantwortungsvoll ein grosser Beitrag zur nachhaltigen und innovativen Landwirtschaft geleistet wird. ; Abstract: The high disease pressure in Swiss viticulture from powdery mildew and downy mildew leads to very high pesticide use compared to the small proportion of agricultural land. Current developments in society and politics show that the use of pesticides is being assessed more and more critically. Fungus-resistant grape varieties are the optimal solution. These varieties are created by cross-breeding and combine the wine quality of European varieties with the resistance of American or Asian vines. In addition to the ecological advantages, these varieties also have economic advantages due to the much lower expenditure on pesticides and the saving of labour and machine resources. Despite these advantages, only 1.92% of the total vineyard area in Switzerland is planted with piwis. The reasons lie less with the consumers than with the low acceptance of these new varieties in the industry. This paper proposes measures to promote the acceptance of piwis in the wine industry. In a first part, the reasons for the low piwi cultivation are researched on the basis of the literature and based on this, promotional measures are formulated. On the one hand, these will be quantitatively assessed by means of a live survey of over 150 experts at the Wädenswil Wine Days. On the other hand, a qualitative assessment is carried out through expert interviews with 11 wine experts from the areas of production, trade and education. The greatest challenge is seen in vinification due to the lack of experience with different wine styles. Followed by the marketing of new, unknown varieties and uncertainty in the choice of varieties. The most useful support measure is considered to be the practical exchange with expert tastings. The provision of information material and the thematisation in education are seen as further important measures. For marketing purposes, the term "new varieties" is preferred to "piwi" or other designations. Wine of very high quality is cited as the most important sales argument and further information on the improved sustainability of piwis is seen as a positive supplement. The results of the study suggest a step-by-step approach: the first step is to convince or inspire the players in the wine industry of piwi quality. Only then can the wines be successfully launched on the market. The creation of value creation networks for the interactive exchange between research and practice enables the development of best practices examples that can be made visible in the industry and pro-mote acceptance. Everyone agrees that only high-quality wines can be sold. It is therefore up to the wine industry itself to decide whether these wines will increasingly be made from new varieties in the future, thus making a proactive and responsible contribution to sustainable and innovative agriculture.

This special issue engages ethical, epistemic, political, and institutional issues in projects of collaborative research for justice that were designed with movements contesting policing, school closures, and youth disinvestment and unemployment. Three of the articles were collaboratively written by activists and scholars who drew from movements that deployed research for community-driven progressive change. The movements and the research are thus situated at the intersection of struggles against a resurgent anti-immigrant white supremacy, gentrification, a punitive carceral state, low pay and lack of meaningful employment opportunities, and the privatization of the public sector. These articles build upon and are in conversation with a set of related articles published in the spring 2018 special issue of Urban Education(Warren et al, 2018) that also addressed ethical, epistemic, political, and institutional tensions in collaborative research for justice. This EPAA special issue aims to advance the discussion through deep reflection within the context of focal 'cases' and within efforts to open space within universities for modes of engaged scholarship that can respond to the challenges of the current moment, as described in the articles that bookend the cases. Taken all together, this special issue demonstrates how scholars, educators, teachers, activists, community leaders, and policy makers can use the production and mobilization of knowledge as a force for building, supporting, sustaining, and advancing multi-issue movements for justice not just in schools and the academy but also in communities of color and others aggrieved by current inequities. ; Esta número especial involucra cuestiones éticas, epistémicas, políticas e institucionales en proyectos de investigación colaborativa para la justicia, concebidos con movimientos que impugnan el policiamiento, el cierre de escuelas, la desinversión de jóvenes y el desempleo. Tres de los artículos fueron escritos de forma colaborativa por activistas y académicos que implantaron investigaciones para cambios en la comunidad. Los movimientos y la investigación se sitúan, por lo tanto, en la intersección de las luchas contra la resurgente supremacía blanca anti-inmigración, la gentrificación, un Estado punitivo carcelario, bajos salarios y falta de oportunidades de empleo significativas, y la privatización del sector público. Estos artículos se basan en un conjunto de artículos relacionados publicados en una número especial de Urban Education (Warren et al, 2018), que también abordó las tensiones éticas, epistémicas, políticas e institucionales en la investigación colaborativa para la justicia. Esta número especial tiene como objetivo avanzar la discusión a través de profunda reflexión dentro del contexto de "casos" focales y dentro de los esfuerzos para abrir espacio dentro de las universidades para modos de estudios comprometidos que puedan responder a los desafíos actuales. Colectivamente, esta número especial demuestra como académicos, educadores, profesores, activistas, líderes comunitarios y formuladores de políticas pueden usar la producción y movilización de conocimiento como una fuerza para construir, apoyar, sostener y promover movimientos por la justicia, no sólo en las escuelas y en la escuela la sociedad. pero también en comunidades de color y otras que se sienten perjudicadas por las desigualdades actuales. ; Esta dossiê envolve questões éticas, epistêmicas, políticas e institucionais em projetos de pesquisa colaborativa para a justiça, concebidos com movimentos que contestam o policiamento, o fechamento de escolas, o desinvestimento de jovens e o desemprego. Três dos artigos foram escritos de forma colaborativa por ativistas e acadêmicos que implantaram pesquisas para mudanças na comunidade. Os movimentos e a pesquisa situam-se, portanto, na interseção das lutas contra a ressurgente supremacia branca anti-imigração, a gentrificação, um Estado punitivo carcerário, baixos salários e falta de oportunidades de emprego significativas, e a privatização do setor público. Esses artigos baseiam-se em um conjunto de artigos relacionados publicados em uma dossiê da Urban Education (Warren et al, 2018), que também abordou as tensões éticas, epistêmicas, políticas e institucionais na pesquisa colaborativa para a justiça. Esta dossiê tem como objetivo avançar a discussão através de profunda reflexão dentro do contexto de "casos" focais e dentro dos esforços para abrir espaço dentro das universidades para modos de estudos engajados que possam responder aos desafios atuais. Coletivamente, esta dossiê demonstra como acadêmicos, educadores, professores, ativistas, líderes comunitários e formuladores de políticas podem usar a produção e mobilização de conhecimento como uma força para construir, apoiar, sustentar e promover movimentos pela justiça, não apenas nas escolas e na sociedade. academia, mas também em comunidades de cor e outras que se sentem prejudicadas pelas desigualdades atuais.

L'interesse sempre maggiore per il cibo sano e di qualità aumenta di pari passo con l'interesse per l'agricoltura e i suoi metodi di produzione. L'agricoltura, intesa qui nella sua accezione di pratica produttiva sostenibile e rigenerativa, è oggetto di crescenti incentivi allo sviluppo da parte delle politiche nazionali e europee. In rapporto a questi dati sono stati delineati degli scenari preliminari di indagine rivolti allo studio dell'agricoltura di piccola scala; in questo modo è stato eseguito il quadro di indagine definitivo per l'individuazione di nuovi campi di ricerca attraverso i quali le discipline afferenti al Design e all'Agricoltura possano interagire a generare valore. La risposta finale consiste nella definizione di un modello teorico, utile alla diffusione e al trasferimento dell'innovazione sull'agricoltura di piccola scala. Questo modello si compone di fasi di intervento attraverso le quali i designer esperti possono relazionarsi alla produttività agricola apportandovi vantaggio strategico per mezzo della diffusione e dell'impiego di sistemi tecnologici innovativi. Il percorso della ricerca ha mostrato che per diffondere l'innovazione in agricoltura, prima ancora di progettare un nuovo oggetto o sistema tecnologico, occorre creare le condizioni per cui questo stesso oggetto sia richiesto ed utilizzato. In questo momento, quindi, il compito del design è quello di attivare tutti i processi applicabili per la creazione della domanda di innovazione sulla piccola scala agricola. In questo modo, a maggiore richiesta di innovazione corrisponderà una riduzione dei costi di investimento e una maggiore accessibilità all'innovazione stessa. Scegliendo un tipo di approccio bottom-up proveniente dall'esigenza reale dell'utente di riferimento e dall'elaborazione di questi bisogni reali si definisce una metodologia di intervento che metta in atto tutto gli strumenti della disciplina del design per generare delle soluzioni su misura, replicabili e trasferibili. Il metodo elaborato nasce dalla domanda: che tipo di relazione è attualmente possibile tra agricoltura e design? Questa ricerca intende affermare che tale relazione è di natura inversa, non è l'agricoltura a scegliere il design per diffondere l'innovazione, ma al contrario come risposta diretta ad una domanda inespressa (per questi canali), è il design a offrire spontaneamente soluzioni all'agricoltura. In questo modo il design compie due atti costitutivi importanti: l'espansione della domanda di innovazione in agricoltura e la creazione di un nuovo e vasto settore di ricerca e sviluppo trans-disciplinare. ; The growing interest in healthy and quality food increases along with the interest in agriculture and its production methods. Agriculture, meant here in the sense of regenerative and sustainable productive practicing, is the object of increasing incentives for development by national and european policies. In relation to these data preliminary investigative scenarios were outlined aimed at the study of small-scale agriculture; in that way it was established the final framework to identify new research fields through which disciplines related to design and agriculture can interact and generate value. The final proposal is to define a replicable operating model, helping to spread and transfer innovation on small-scale agriculture. This model consists of phases of intervention through which expert designers can relate to agricultural productivity by taking strategic advantage to it by means of management and the use of innovative technological systems. The research path showed that in order to spread innovation in agriculture, before designing a new object or technological system, it is necessary to create the conditions for which this same object is requested and used. Nowadays, therefore, the task of design is to activate all applicable processes for creating the demand for innovation on small scale agriculture. In this way, a reduction of investmant costs and a greater access to innovation will match a greater demand for innovation. Choosing a bottomup approach coming from the real user needs and by processing these real data we define an intervention that uses all the tools of the design discipline to generate customized, replicable and transferable solutions. The method worked out arise from the question: what kind of relationship is possible between agriculture and design? This research intends to assert that this relationship goes the other way round, it is not agriculture to choose design to spread innovation, on the contrary in direct response to an unspoken question (in these channels), design spontaneously offers solutions for agriculture. In this way design accomplishes two important constitutional documents, the first is the growing demand for innovation in agriculture, the second is the creation of a new and vast field of transdisciplinary research and development.

This paper draws on material generated from a qualitative study of educational impacts of a British welfare reform affecting housing rent subsidy, size and location commonly known as 'the bedroom tax' (Bragg et al., 2015), which was partly taken as a topic for study specifically because of its iconic status as a controversial and unpopular welfare 'reform' (or cut). The analysis draws on Foucauldian understandings of subjectification or subject-formation - as elaborated both from within and in relation to the social (Foucault, 1970; 1983; Ball, 1990; Olssen, 2006; Popkewitz Brennan, 1998), read through new and newly available perspectives (Allen, 2015; Pêcheux, 2014). This approach is applied to discuss how those addressed by educational policy, and also as research participants, are both subject to prevailing political and practice-oriented discourses (of educational 'problems', and of the neoliberal frameworks by which poverty and welfare cuts are discussed), but also – at times – how they can become the subject of – in the sense of reformulating – these discourses in their accounts of everyday activities. After outlining our approach and the context for the study, we focus on four examples drawn from the narratives of the various stakeholders in the study – parents/carers, school staff and other community-based organisations as illustrations of how this discursive approach can provide rich readings of relevance to educational policy debates. From these we not only take further discussions of the production and regulation of subjectivities via social and educational policy practices, but also offer indicative glimpses of resistance to this as expressed by those who are its primary subjects, and where in one case such resistance brings our own research commitments under critical scrutiny. As such, the contribution of this article is both topic-related (concerning the educational impacts of policy) but, crucially, also conceptual and methodological, in motivating for a Foucauldian-influenced discursive approach that is sensitive to struggle and resistance. ; Este artículo se basa en material de un estudio cualitativo de los impactos educativos de una reforma británica que afecta a la indemnización de alojamiento de la vivienda, tamaño y ubicación, 'tarifa de cuarto' (Bragg et al, 2015), una polémica reforma social e impopular (o corte). El análisis se basa en la comprensión de la subjetividad Foucault o de formación sujetos (Allen, 2015; Pêcheux2014). Este enfoque presenta como los abordados por la política educativa (los encuestados) están sujetos a los discursos políticos y prácticas prevalecientes de 'problemas' discusiones educativos y neoliberales sobre la pobreza y cómo pueden ser objeto de estos discursos en sus informes de actividades diarias asuntos. Nos centramos en cuatro ejemplos de las narrativas de las diversas partes interesadas en el estudio/cuidadores, personal de la escuela de padres y otras organizaciones basadas en la comunidad como ejemplos de cómo este enfoque puede proporcionar discursiva ricas lecturas de relevancia para los debates sobre las políticas educativas. También se discute la producción y la regulación de las subjetividades a través de políticas sociales y educativas y las prácticas ofrecemos indicadores de resistencia. El artículo ofrece un enfoque discursivo que es conceptual y metodológicamente sensible a la lucha y la resistencia. ; Este artigo baseia-se em material de um estudo qualitativo dos impactos educacionais de uma reforma britânica que afeta o subsídio de aluguel de moradias, tamanho e localização: 'o taxa do quarto" (Bragg et al., 2015), uma reforma social controversa e impopular (Ou corte). A análise baseia-se em entendimentos foucaultianos de subjetivação ou formação de sujeitos (Allen, 2015, Pêcheux, 2014). Esta abordagem apresenta como aqueles abordados pela política educacional (participantes da pesquisa) estão sujeitos a discursos políticos e práticos predominantes de "problemas" educacionais e discussões neoliberais sobre a pobreza e como eles podem se tornar o sujeito desses discursos em seus relatos de assuntos cotidianos actividades. Nós nos concentramos em quatro exemplos extraídos das narrativas das várias partes interessadas no estudo - pais / cuidadores, funcionários da escola e outras organizações baseadas na comunidade como ilustrações de como esta abordagem discursiva pode fornecer leituras ricas de relevância para os debates de política educacional. Discutimos ainda a produção e regulação de subjetividades através de práticas de políticas sociais e educacionais e oferecemos indicadores de resistência. O artigo oferece uma abordagem discursiva que é conceitual e metodologicamente sensível à luta e à resistência.

Проаналізовано види міграції, їхню правову природу, а також причини виникнення. Проведено поділ міграції для кращого розуміння її правового регулювання на внутрішню, яка існує всередині Європейського Союзу між країнами-членами, та зовнішньою, між країнами членами ЄС та громадянами третіх держав. Виконано аналіз актів Європейського Союзу на предмет тлумачення поняття «працівник – мігрант». Виявлено, що термін «migrant-worker» може мати два варіанти перекладу, «працівник-мігрант» та «трудящий-мігрант», які є синонімічними. Дано визначення поняттю «працівник – мігрант», його елементів. Від­значено, яких осіб, відповідно до тлумачення Європейського Суду Справедливості, можна вважати працівниками мігрантами. Проаналізовано природу правового статусу працівни­ка-мігранта. Проведено класифікацію прав, які становлять правовий статус працівника- мігранта. Окрім того, проаналізовано винятки та обмеження, які стосуються застосування таких прав. Також зазначено про права та свободи сімей працівників-мігрантів, якими такі користуються у зв'язку зі своїм правовим статусом.Ключові слова: трудова міграція, працівник-мігрант, правовий статус, права особи, принципи правового статусу особи.International labour migration is becoming increasingly visible phenomenon in global economic processes.There are two main types of international labor migration: 1) international immigration migration; 2) international labor migration.Historically, immigration migration dominant first, that is, the movement of migrants across borders and change of residence permanently.International labour migration is a movement of the working population between states influenced by purely economic reasons. Unlike resettlement migration, it involves preserving connectivity of a worker with his homeland.There is no definition of employee in the basic treaties of the European Union. It derives from the meaning of Art. 1 Regulation 1612/68 and complemented in several judgments of the Court of the European Union, the so-called case law.Based on the content of Art. 1 Regulation 1612/68, migrant worker is a person who is legally employed and has citizenship of another state party.It is also necessary to mention that those who are not considered as employees under the EU law, and can not benefit from provisions of legal acts concerning the right to freedom of movement of workers. Firstly, these are the individuals whose work is so insignificant that can be seen only as utility, are not considered as employees.Secondly, there are people who arrived into the member country for the purpose of getting education.And thirdly, persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity (they are subject to provisions that reinforce the principle of freedom to provide services).Based on the foregoing considerations, the author also considers it possible to offer the following definition of «migrant worker»: a migrant worker is a person who holds the citizenship of an EU member state or a stateless person resident in the State, who arrived in that State for purpose to exercice the employment activities and has a proof for the its aspiration to work on the EU territory beyond the country of its origin(employment contract, civil contract) or proves the exsistence of the employment relations according to the legislation of the host country basis.The author researched main provisions and legal acts that regulate the free movement of migrant workers who are EU citizens and members of their immediate families (including people from non-EUmember states). The freedom of movement for workers equally applies to migrant workers and their families.The principal provisions of the Regulations № 1612/68 on equal treatment regarding the issues of the employment of the migrant workers in the European Union hase been studied separately. Migrant workers in the EU as compared to the employment relations in the host country cannot be discriminated in their right to compensation, participation in enterprise's management and production processes, promotion, access to the vocational education and other social benefits and rights upon release from the organization.Obtaining a residence permit is necessary for the migrant workers in the EU if they want to remain in the host country.The collective rights guaranteed to the migrant workers in the EU, they are entitled to the membership in trade unions, as the domestic workers are. They are also eligible for membership in the administration and management bodies of enterprises, institutions or organizations, representatives of employees in the company.In conclusion, the author notes that European Union law that the main special rights enjoyed by migrant workers in the EU are such rights as the right to free movement, membership in trade unions and the administration and management bodies of enterprises and organizations.Key words: labour migration, migrant employee, legal status, individual rights.

The search for a development process that is environmentally sustainable implies accepting the reality of a world of finite resources and the urgent need to rethink our consumer habits and, even more so, our manufacturing processes. We can no longer produce the goods that we need following a linear process, in which resources are extracted, processed, packaged, distributed, consumed and thrown away. This process generates two very serious problems: resource scarcity (the oil peak, rare minerals and agricultural land peaks and even increasing water scarcity demonstrate this) and the impossible management of ever-increasing quantities of waste, some highly toxic and severe contamination problems. This conception corresponds to an adolescent phase in our collective evolution, a phase of blind trust in a growth process and endless human demands, combined with a reduced preoccupation as to the environmental impacts of our productive processes. Our manufactured products have to be redesigned, so that in their design, when they finish their useful life, all their component parts can be reused or that they be biodegradable naturally. When buying a TV, one would not be buying the raw materials that went into its parts, but the service it happens to offer, and when finished its useful life, the enterprise that produced it would have to take it back and see how to reuse all its parts. Various European countries are moving in this direction, with legislation that would oblige the enterprises to retake their products. In doing this, we would enter a new phase in our collective evolution, of greater maturity and responsibility in our manufacturing processes, one with less hubris and more humility and recognition of our intrinsic dependency of the life-sustaining cycles on this earth. This may well be one of the main challenges of the modern era. Braungart & McDonell, in their trend-setting book "From Cradle to Cradle", as was "Small is Beautiful" or "Silent Spring", wrote a pioneer book in this sense, a book of mandatory reference to all who are interested in the search of a development process that is environmentally sustainable.Keywords: Linear and circular production, Rough-shod design, Useful life, Adolescent and mature phase. ; La búsqueda de un desarrollo que sea sostenible ambientalmente implica aceptar la realidad de un mundo de recursos finitos y la necesidad urgente de repensar nuestros hábitos de consumo y, más aún, nuestros procesos manufactureros. Ya no podemos darnos el lujo de un proceso lineal de producción en el cual se extraen recursos, se procesan, se empacan, de distribuyen, se consumen, y se descartan. Este proceso genera dos graves problemas: escasez de recursos (y los picos petroleros, de minerales raros, de tierra agrícola e incluso agua lo demuestran con creces) y enormes problemas en la gestión de grandes y siempre crecientes desperdicios, algunos muy tóxico y contaminación. Esa concepción corresponde a una etapa adolescente en nuestra evolución colectiva como humanidad, de una creencia ciega en un crecimiento económico y demandas humanas ilimitadas, y reducida preocupación por los impactos ambientales de los procesos productivos. Hay que rediseñar los productos manufacturados para que, en su diseño, este previsto que al terminar su vida útil puedan ser todos sus componentes reutilizados o que sean biodegradables de manera natural. Al comprar un televisor uno no compraría la materia prima que lo compone, sino el servicio que ofrece y al terminar su vida útil, la empresa que lo produce debe retomarlo y ver cómo hace para reutilizar sus componentes. Varios países europeos están moviéndose en esa dirección con legislación que obliga a las empresas a retomar sus productos. Al hacer eso, entraríamos a una etapa de mayor madurez y responsabilidad en nuestros procesos manufactureros, de menor orgullo, más humildad y de reconocimiento de nuestra intrínseca dependencia de los ciclos vitales que sustentan la vida en la tierra. Tal vez sea uno de los principales desafíos de la era moderna. El libro de Braungart y McDonell, "De la Cuna a la Cuna" es, así como lo fue "Lo Pequeño es Hermoso" o "La Primavera Silenciosa", un libro pionero en este sentido y un libro de referencia obligatoria para quienes estén interesados en la búsqueda de un desarrollo que sea sostenible ambientalmente.Palabras claves: Producción lineal, Circular, Diseño tosco, Vida útil, Etapa adolescente y madurez.

The adoption of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000 marked the beginning of a new era of European water policy. However, more than a decade later, the majority of European rivers are still failing to meet one of the main objectives of the WFD: the good ecological status. Pesticides are a major stressor for stream ecosystems. This PhD thesis emphasises the need for WFD managers to consider all main agricultural pesticide sources and influencing landscape parameters when setting up River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures. The findings and recommendations of this thesis can help to successfully tackle the risk of pesticide contamination to achieve the WFD objectives. A total of 663 sites that were situated in the German Federal States of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Hesse were studied (Chapter 3 and 4). In addition to an analysis of the macroinvertebrate data of the governmental WFD monitoring network, a detailed GIS analysis of the main agricultural pesticide sources (arable land and garden allotments as well as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)) and landscape elements (riparian buffer strips and forested upstream reaches) was conducted. Based on the results, a screening approach was developed that allows an initial rapid and cost-effective identification of those sites that are potentially affected by pesticide contamination. By using the trait-based bioindicator SPEARpesticides, the insecticidal long-term effects of the WWTP effluents on the structure of the macroinvertebrate community were identified up to at least 1.5 km downstream (in some cases even 3 km) of the WWTPs. The results of the German Saprobic Index revealed that the WWTPs can still be important sources of oxygen-depleting substances. Furthermore, the results indicate that forested upstream reaches and riparian buffer strips at least 5 m in width can be appropriate measures in mitigating the effects and exposure of pesticides. There are concerns that the future expansion of energy crop cultivation will lead to an increased pesticide contamination of ecosystems in agricultural landscapes. Therefore, the potential of energy crops for pesticide contamination was examined based on an analysis of the development of energy crop cultivation in Germany and a literature search on perennial energy crops (Chapter 5). The results indicate that the future large-scale expansion of energy crop cultivation will not necessarily cause an increase or decrease in the amounts of pesticides that are released into the environment. The potential effects will depend on the future design of the agricultural systems. Instead of creating energy monocultures, annual energy crops should be integrated into the existing food production systems. Financial incentives and further education are needed to encourage the use of sustainable crop rotations, innovative cropping systems and perennial energy crops, which may contribute to crop diversity and generate lower pesticide demands than do intensive farming systems. ; Die Verabschiedung der Europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) in 2000 markierte den Beginn einer neuen Ära in der europäischen Wasserpolitik. Mehr als ein Jahrzehnt später, verfehlt jedoch weiterhin die Mehrheit der europäischen Flüsse den guten ökologischen Zustand, eines der wichtigsten WRRL-Ziele. Ein bedeutender Belastungsfaktor für Fließgewässerökosysteme sind Pflanzenschutzmittel (PSM). Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, alle wichtigen land-wirtschaftlichen PSM-Quellen und beeinflussenden Landschaftsfaktoren bei der Erstellung von WRRL-Bewirtschaftungsplänen und Maßnahmenprogrammen zu berücksichtigen. Die Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen dieser Doktorarbeit verbessern das Verständnis für eine zielgerichtete Bekämpfung von PSM-Belastungen zur Erreichung der WRRL-Ziele. Insgesamt wurden 663 Messstellen in den Bundesländern Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen und Hessen untersucht (Kapitel 3 und 4). Neben einer Analyse der Makrozoobenthos-Daten aus dem WRRL-Monitoringnetz, erfolgte eine detaillierte GIS-Analyse der wichtigsten landwirtschaftlichen PSM-Quellen (Ackerland, Kleingärten sowie kommunale Abwasserreinigungsanlagen) sowie Landschaftsfaktoren (Gewässerrandstreifen und bewaldete Abschnitte im Oberlauf). Basierend auf den Ergebnissen wurde eine Screening-Methode zur schnellen und kostengünstigen Identifizierung von potenziell mit PSM belasteten Stellen entwickelt. Mit Hilfe des Bioindikators SPEARpesticides konnten insektizide Langzeitwirkungen der Abwässer von Abwasserreinigungsanlagen auf die Struktur der Makrozoobenthos-Gemeinschaft bis in 1,5 km Entfernung flussabwärts (in einigen Fällen sogar 3 km) aufgezeigt werden. Die Ergebnisse für den Deutschen Saprobienindex zeigen zudem, dass Abwasserreinigungsanlagen weiterhin eine bedeutende Quelle für sauerstoffzehrende Substanzen sind. Als geeignete Maßnahmen zur Verminderung der Belastung und der Auswirkungen von PSM wurden Gewässerrandstreifen (mindestens 5 m breit) und bewaldete Oberläufe identifiziert. Es wird befürchtet, dass die zukünftige Ausdehnung des Energiepflanzenanbaus zu einem Anstieg der diffusen PSM-Belastung von Ökosystemen in Agrarlandschaften führen könnte. Diese Fragestellung wurde im Rahmen der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit basierend auf einer Analyse der Entwicklung des Energiepflanzenanbaus in Deutschland und anhand einer Literaturrecherche zu mehrjährigen Energiepflanzen untersucht (Kapitel 5). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine großflächige Ausdehnung des Energiepflanzenanbaus nicht unbedingt zu einer Erhöhung oder Verringerung der Menge an PSM, die in die Umwelt gelangen, führen muss. Die potenziellen Auswirkungen hängen vielmehr von der zukünftigen Ausgestaltung der Agrarsysteme ab. Anstelle des Anbaus von einjährigen Energiepflanzen in Monokulturen, sollten diese in die bereits vorhandenen Nahrungsmittelanbausysteme integriert werden. Zudem könnten finanzielle Anreize sowie eine verstärkte Aus- und Fortbildung der Bauern dazu beitragen, die Nutzung von nachhaltigen Fruchtfolgen, innovativen Anbausystemen und mehrjährigen Energiepflanzen zu erhöhen. Dies würde die Vielfalt der Feldfrüchte erhöhen und könnte helfen, den PSM-Bedarf der bisherigen intensiven Nahrungsmittelanbausysteme zu verringern.