Aménagement du territoire et transport : un bilan critique de la production intellectuelle des années 1990

Open Access

Abstract

a number of factors (not all of them have been identified here) combine to rethink the approach to interactions between transport and territories, in order to take better account of developments and to pursue less costly (money, resources, energy, etc.) and more efficient policies. This implies abandoning a number of ideas received and using a number of 'magic words' used as definitive arguments for further investigation of what they cover. Our working group, mainly made up of researchers, was surprised unanimously at the persistence of very strong beliefs at the level of some policy makers and a significant proportion of the high level of civil service combined with selected "experts", while for some years research in geography or economics has already highlighted their lack of scientific basis. The compartmentalisation, whether voluntary or not, between decision-makers and researchers encourages the perpetuation of inadequate policies, and this is a fact that we will not be the first or the last to formulate. As far as we are concerned, we have not sought to prioritise speeches, for example by giving higher value to scientific speeches. The reason for this is simple, and the first part shows this: a number of researchers have contributed to abusive simplifications of reflection, which are then taken up without delay by policies or high administration. We wanted to screen a number of keywords, some of them already in existence, which have recently emerged for others, have been displayed and/or were the subject of debates and publications in the period 1990-1996. The analysis focused in particular on their use and evolution (study of a lexical field or the life cycle of different concepts). These include both transport objectives and assumed impacts, as well as tools put forward in transport and spatial planning policies. As far as possible, we have carried out international comparisons, in order to show some discrepancies between countries in the approaches and tools proposed. ; Plusieurs facteurs (ils n'ont ...