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Rapidly changing factors that affect daily life also affect operational environment and the way military leaders fulfill their missions. With the help of technological developments, traditional linearity of conflict and war has started to fade away. Furthermore, mission domain has broadened to include traditional threats, hybrid threats and new challenges of cyber and space. Considering the future operational environment, future military leaders need to adapt themselves to the new challenges of the future battlefield. But how to decide what kind of features of leadership are required to operate and accomplish mission in the new complex battlefield? In this article, the main aim is to provide answers to this question. To be able to find right answers, first leadership and leadership components are defined, and then characteristics of future operational environment are analyzed. Finally, leadership features that are required to be successful in redefined battlefield are explained.

In areas where military or small military conflicts occur or have occurred, there is a wide variety of standardized or improvised explosive mechanisms, which are still unexploded. Explosive mechanisms threaten both the forces and means that contribute to the accomplishment of the missions, freedom of movement / action, causing personal and fighting vehicles losses and making it difficult to use the logistical support means, but not in the end also affects civil society.Keywords: EOD; operational environment; neutralise; IED; UXO.

Abstract: The complexity of the operational environment generated by new risks and threats makes military structures to seek new ways of dealing with conflict in the future. Although the analysis indicates that the possibility of a traditional interstate conflict for Romania appears to be minimal, despite the new conflicts that occurred near the borders of our country, state-versus-state conflicts are still possible worldwide. However, future conflicts will most likely continue to have a hybrid character and manifest through domestic violence, terrorism, insurgency and criminality, as well as through land battle. To the challenges identified above, ground forces will have to develop the conceptual, organizational and human dimensions.Keywords: land forces; operational environment; conflict; risks and threats.

Research involving sleep and fatigue in military operations has been conducted for many years. Indeed, following nearly every major military engagement or conflict, reports are published which detail the effects of sleep deprivation on human performance. Unfortunately, many of these reports never make it to the scientific literature, and are published instead as technical reports. Following an extensive search of all available data sources including open scientific journals and electronic resources (e.g., military, psychological, medical, pharmacological, and biomedical journals or electronic resources), the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), and other government information sources, this annotated bibliography represents an effort to put together a comprehensive, although not exhaustive, description of all such studies that were conducted between the years 1983 and 2006. The bibliography covers research involving military personnel in operational environments including combat, observations during military exercises, findings on fatigue in laboratory settings, including with simulated military tasks, findings on fatigue in simulations, and findings on sustained (SUSOPS) and continuous operations (CONOPS). When available and deemed appropriate, the original abstracts from the citations were used. If no abstract was available from the original work, the authors developed one. ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

PurposeTo provide a case study in the implementation of mobile technologies in an operations management environment, and viewed through a model for technology acceptance.Design/methodology/approachThis is an assessment of the technology acceptance model (TAM) through action research, a practical implementation based upon understandings developed in the TAM.FindingsProvides fresh data to further develop the TAM, shedding light on some of the factors expounded within TAM, and their relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThis is not the empirical research required to fully validate the TAM, but is useful in terms of investigating its various features within a detailed case study. It is also useful in terms of the project management implications for the implementation of new technologies.Practical implicationsUseful for those looking at the practical implementation of mobile technologies in an operations environment, and highlights the role of technology acceptance in the project management process.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an important role in helping to validate the TAM developed by other researchers.

This thesis focuses on the Australian Defence Force's need for credible analytical advice to inform decisions associated with selecting military capability. Current data-collection practices often lack flexibility and adaptability to cope with the challenges of a military operational environment. The diverse and dynamic nature of the environment results in limited data-collection opportunities and barriers to identifying and locating appropriate data. Within this environment, time constraints, difficulties in interpreting the battle space and the limitations on the ability to apply the usual scientific control act as impediments to collecting credible data. This research puts forward a new approach to overcome these deficiencies by identifying and targeting key issues for assessment and accommodation of data collection from various perspectives. This approach combines the unique perspectives of military knowledge and analytical rigour as part of the data-collection process which is key to establishing data credibility in complex and dynamic environments. The approach provides a value-adding environment linking data credibility and relevance to enhanced analytical focus and improved navigation of the complex environment. I use a series of ecologically valid case studies to demonstrate military data collectors' experiences of using the approach. In these case studies, data capture occurs as part of military operational deployments and field training exercises using multiple case studies incorporating mixed-methods for data collection and analysis. This enables the thesis to focus on the central research question: "How can data credibility be established in a military operational environment?" This thesis makes a significant contribution to understanding and assessing the concept of data credibility and the process of collecting of credible data in military operational capability evaluations; it identifies the factors that affect data credibility and the influences on data collection during capability evaluation in ...

The Human Aspects of the Operational Environment (HAOE) study explores those dimensions of human beings which would likely impact future NATO operations. It is designed to serve as the foundation for a follow-on Bi-Strategic Command (Bi-SC) capstone concept, which would inform the NATO Defence Planning Process (NDPP) and transform existing capabilities to better adapt to human requirements in operations. The HAOE study is based on shortfalls and gaps identified in recent operations as well as the work of seven distinct research panels. The HAOE study proposes capability transformations that can mitigate the challenges NATO might face in future operational environments as the human dimension becomes increasingly more important. The report concludes that increased cooperation and coordination with international organizations (IOs), governmental bodies, academia, think-tanks, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) using a Comprehensive Approach strategy would improve the Alliance's effectiveness in conducting Non-Article 5 Crises Response Operations (NA5CRO). However, the evolving characteristics of the security environment require NATO to build a common understanding of trends and inform its continuing transformation efforts. The HAOE research focuses on seven broad areas: main drivers of human action; understanding the human environment; complexity of cross-cultural communication; dynamics of the local situation; perception and acceptance of NATO operations; measurable indicators of a population's attitude toward NATO operations; and transforming NATO capabilities to better adapt to the human environment. A summarization of key findings from each research area is provided in the following paragraphs. Understanding the main drivers of human action enhances rapport building with the local population.