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abstract: Limiting the immediate access to content, embargoes are designed by publishers to ensure the economic sustainability of their business by requiring users to rely on the purchase of licensing agreements via subscription models. Comparatively, Open Access models which eliminate traditional pay-walls, are gaining prominence for immediate access and reduction of copyright barriers between readers and articles. Wishing to facilitate expanded access to scientific research, the White House sought to implement policy for the timely release of government funded research to the public. For proponents of Open Access, legislation by the House of Representatives in the FIRST Act imposed significant barriers to the public's timely access of government funded research. Alongside rising subscription costs and increasing advocacy for Open Access, recent actions by the United States and European Union to reduce embargo periods for scientific research have brought to the forefront questions of properly defining the duration of embargoes for publicly funded research.

A memo released by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) on February 22, 2013. The memo states that: −Each Federal agency with over $100 million in annual conduct of research and development expenditures was directed to develop a plan to support increased public access to the results of research funded by the Federal Government. −This included any results published in peer-reviewed scholarly publications and data that are based on research that directly arises from Federal funds. The presentation covers what grantees receiving funding from government agencies need to know. ; http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134681/1/Public Access for Federally Funded Research.pdf ; Description of Public Access for Federally Funded Research.pdf : Presentation on the Public Access for Federally Funded Research

Grantees who receive funds will learn how the need to comply. ; This presentation covers A memo released by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) on February 22, 2013 stating that: −Each Federal agency with over $100 million in annual conduct of research and development expenditures was directed to develop a plan to support increased public access to the results of research funded by the Federal Government. −This included any results published in peer-reviewed scholarly publications and data that are based on research that directly arises from Federal funds. ; http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134682/1/Public Access for Federally Funded Research.pdf ; Description of Public Access for Federally Funded Research.pdf : Presentation on the Public Access for Federally Funded Research

In this paper, we chronicle key US legislative initiatives during the post–World War II history of public policy related to the ownership of publicly funded research-based knowledge. Our motivation for recording this history is the observation that many scholars, who are appropriately concerned about taxpayer rights, have argued for the need for public policy to clarify ownership of the publicness or openness of publicly funded research results when in fact such public policies have long been in place. We conclude this historical trace with the proposition that if the past is prologue to the future, one might expect future administrations to continue to acknowledge the importance of public access to findings from publicly funded research, be that research having occurred in federal laboratories, universities, or private-sector organizations.

NWO has requested CWTS to analyze the extent to which research funded by NWO is made openly accessible. In 2009, NWO introduced its first open access (OA) policy, stating that publications funded by NWO should be made openly accessible 'as soon as possible'. Following the Dutch OA ambitions presented by state secretary Sander Dekker in 2013, NWO turned its OA policy into a formal mandate in 2015. According to this mandate, all publications funded by NWO must be openly accessible at the time of publication, preferably through the gold OA route, although the green OA route is also supported. This mandate should make sure that NWO funded research meets the OA targets set by the Dutch government. According to these targets, of all publicly funded publications, 60% should be openly accessible in 2018 and 100% in 2020. To monitor NWO's progress in making the publications it funds openly accessible, this report presents statistics on the extent to which publications from the period 2015–2018 funded by NWO are openly accessible. Separate statistics are presented for publications funded by ZonMW and for publications of the national research institutes managed by NWO. Throughout the report, a distinction is made between gold, hybrid, bronze, and green OA. The report also discusses differences in citation impact between OA and non-OA publications.

We analyse the relationship between the composition of innovation partnerships and the potential of their innovations developed within EU-funded research projects under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7), the European Union's Research and Innovation funding programme for 2007-2013. Innovation potential is assessed using a formal framework capturing three different dimensions: innovation readiness, management and market potential. Both the analysed innovations and innovators were identified by external experts during periodic Framework Programme reviews. Thus, our population includes participants in the FP7 projects that are considered as key organisations in the project delivering innovations in FP7 projects. We show that the innovative potential of research output of homogenous partnerships, e.g. between two SMEs or two large companies, is likely to be higher, as compared to heterogeneous partnerships, e.g. an SME and a large company. The impact of universities on the potential of innovations is unclear. The total number of key organizations in delivering an innovation has a negative impact on its potential. Neither project funding nor duration affects the potential of innovation. Our results contribute to the discussion on the most appropriate design of R&D consortia of organizations in publically-funded projects.