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Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choise of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute.

Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choise of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute.

Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choise of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute.

Rhetoric is a universal persuasion system: it is the ability to discover persuasive ways and means in each particular case. The essential part of the convincing process – argumentation – becomes the core of the rhetoric science. The article deals with the argumentation level of political discourse, specifically with political advertising. The aim of the article is to elucidate the concept of eristic and eristic arguments, as well as reveal the universal character of rhetorical persuasion – to identify and explain the dominant models of eristic reasoning in political advertising. Eristic arguments are considered as logical fallacies, unreliable arguments, but classical rhetoric justifies the ethical use of sophismata and eristic ways in persuasive discourses. Eristic argumentation is ethical as long as the addressee is free to accept or reject the arguments put forward, so the eristic must be understood further because we can identify and reveal false statements. An analysis of the peculiarities of argumentation of various forms of advertising reveals that eristic argumentation is the predominant kind of argumentation in advertising. The choise of eristic argumentation in political discourse is influenced by the competitive mode of elections, clearly seen in the pre-election debates and other verbal form of dispute.

Eristic methods of the Stalinist courts are a phenomenon, on the one hand, well-documented, yet on the other hand, insufficiently explored from the theoretical perspective. They can be understood as forms of violence occurring in the language of the judicial discourse participants (judges, prosecutors), aimed at the total elimination of political opponents. The article is an attempt to characterise these methods using the conceptual instruments, developed by Chaïm Perelman and presented in the work Logique juridique. Nouvelle rhétorique and L'empire rhétorique. Rhétorique et argumentation. What weighs in favour of using Perelman's theory are its roots in the abundant achievements of the ancient rhetoric. More importantly, however, one of the main objectives of Perelman was the development of the modern theory of legal argumentation, including judicial one. In this regard, the views of the philosopher are adopted as a counterpoint in the rhetorical analyses of the abuses of the Stalinist courts discussed on the example of the Trial of the Sixteen and the Trial of General A. E. Fieldorf "Nil".

Eristic methods of the Stalinist courts are a phenomenon, on the one hand, well-documented, yet on the other hand, insufficiently explored from the theoretical perspective. They can be understood as forms of violence occurring in the language of the judicial discourse participants (judges, prosecutors), aimed at the total elimination of political opponents. The article is an attempt to characterise these methods using the conceptual instruments, developed by Chaïm Perelman and presented in the work Logique juridique. Nouvelle rhétorique and L'empire rhétorique. Rhétorique et argumentation. What weighs in favour of using Perelman's theory are its roots in the abundant achievements of the ancient rhetoric. More importantly, however, one of the main objectives of Perelman was the development of the modern theory of legal argumentation, including judicial one. In this regard, the views of the philosopher are adopted as a counterpoint in the rhetorical analyses of the abuses of the Stalinist courts discussed on the example of the Trial of the Sixteen and the Trial of General A. E. Fieldorf "Nil". ; 6 ; 2 ; 7 ; 48 ; 1 ; Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna

Discourse arts of ancient Greece demonstrate in the V century BC division of discourses, and are seen as premises of rhetoric, which marked institutional differentiation of speeches and predestinated legal discourse. The purpose of the following analysis is to show cohesion, coherence and mutual dependence of discourse arts as premises of rhetoric. Sophists confirmed with their example the dichotomies of utterance meanings and though they didn't create eloquence art, they laid a way to rhetoric, laid down foundation for language studying, having isolated it from Logos, and also developed techniques of judicial speeches and legal discourse. Criticizing sophists, using their positive methods, Socrat, Platon and later Aristotle defined, on the basis of syllogism, the direction of evolution of rhetoric not as practical eloquence but mainly as methodology of sciences and arts.

This paper presents an analytical approach to a corpus of communications from the former President Juan Manuel Santos and the demobilized guerrilla FARC-EP, during the two-year period preceding the peace process in Havana, Cuba. Based on an eristic reading of the games of veridiction about the idea of unity as an "object of discourse", the components of each discursive construction are contrasted, and the verbal mechanisms through which the social actors in dispute constructed meanings are dismantled, in that conjunctural moment of the country. The retrospective examination of this dispute allows to interrogate the political present in Colombia, in which the implementation of the peace agreements signed in 2016 has been hindered by the continuity of this struggle for the truth of the objects of discourse disputed by political actors. ; El texto presenta una aproximación analítica a un corpus de comunicaciones emitidas por el expresidente Juan Manuel Santos y por la desmovilizada guerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP), durante el bienio que precede al proceso de paz llevado a cabo en La Habana, Cuba. A partir de una lectura erística sobre los juegos de veridicción en torno a la idea de unidad, como objeto de discurso, se contraponen los componentes de cada construcción discursiva y se desmontan los mecanismos verbales a través de los cuales los actores sociales en disputa construyeron sentidos particulares sobre la unidad, en ese momento coyuntural del país. El examen en retrospectiva de esa disputa conduce a la interrogación del presente político en Colombia, en el cual la implementación de los acuerdos de paz firmados en 2016 se ha visto obstaculizada por la permanencia de esa lucha en torno a la verdad de los objetos de discurso disputados por los actores políticos.

En: Estudios humanísticos. Filología, ISSN 0213-1382, n. 36, 2014, págs. 166-186 ; El gran éxito de María…, debe mucho al hecho de que su autor era propietario del primer y mayor trust editorial español especializado en folletines. Gran estratega comercial, adula al pueblo, recrea acontecimientos históricos de 1833-1837 y desarrolla su ideología populista. Analizamos el paso de la retórica a la erística que persigue convencer y vender. ; Mary was the most successful serial novel published in Spain in the XIX century, because its author was also owner of an important Publishing Group. This novel describes the plight of the urban working classes and the Spain´s History from 1834 to 1837 as a literary device to pursue of his political ideology. This essay analizes Ayguals method, according to Schopenhauer, Eristic Dialectic.

En: Estudios humanísticos. Filología, ISSN 0213-1382, n. 36, 2014, págs. 166-186 ; El gran éxito de María…, debe mucho al hecho de que su autor era propietario del primer y mayor trust editorial español especializado en folletines. Gran estratega comercial, adula al pueblo, recrea acontecimientos históricos de 1833-1837 y desarrolla su ideología populista. Analizamos el paso de la retórica a la erística que persigue convencer y vender. ; Mary was the most successful serial novel published in Spain in the XIX century, because its author was also owner of an important Publishing Group. This novel describes the plight of the urban working classes and the Spain´s History from 1834 to 1837 as a literary device to pursue of his political ideology. This essay analizes Ayguals method, according to Schopenhauer, Eristic Dialectic.

Within the framework of the article, the author considers the evolution of dialogue development as a method of conducting a conversation and establishing communication in the context of the political thought of antiquity. In particular, the author concludes, that the dialogue occupied a central place in theancient Greek worldview, being an integral part of the ancient spiritual culture. And the ancient Greek social and political thought, according to the author, developed through the active use of dialogical technologies as the most effective and civilized mechanism for resolving disputes and contradictions, combining interests, and establishing cooperation between various subjects of communication interaction.

ResumenEl gran éxito de María…, debe mucho al hecho de que su autor era propietario del primer y mayor trust editorial español especializado en folletines. Gran estratega comercial, adula al pueblo, recrea acontecimientos históricos de 1833-1837 y desarrolla su ideología populista. Analizamos el paso de la retórica a la erística que persigue convencer y vender.Palabras clave: Empresa editorial, erística, Marx, Schopenhauer, Sociedad secreta.AbstractMary was the most successful serial novel published in Spain in the XIX century, because its author was also owner of an important Publishing Group. This novel describes the plight of the urban working classes and the Spain's History from 1834 to 1837 as a literary device to pursue of his political ideology. This essay analizes Ayguals method, according to Schopenhauer, Eristic Dialectic.Key words: Publishing Group, Eristic, Marx, Schopenhauer, Secret Society.

This text is about manipulation with words, the use and misuse of the public speaking, numerous eristic challenges for the media which imply that the world of political and media simulation is commonly understood as a form of verbal violence. Communication is determined with that kind of verbal (mis)use. Therefore it is reasonable to question political speech as it is and its' position on the media scenery. Eristic system is obviously established by means of manipulation, and not creativity. Ethics is far behind. Different ways of political propaganda promote wanted, and not needed public values. . ; U tekstu se govori o sve češćoj manipulaciji rečima, upotrebi i zloupotrebi javnoga govora, brojnim erističkim medijskim izazovima koji upućuju na to da se život u svetu političkih i medijskih simulacija neophodno doživljava i kao svojevrsno verbalno nasilje. Komunikativni odnosi pretežno su određeni tim predstavama. Neminovno se, otuda, postavlja pitanje političkoga govora i njegovog položaja na medijskoj sceni. Vidljivo se uspostavlja svojevrsni eristički sistem kome je bliža manipulacija od kreativnosti. Etika se, često, ostavlja po strani. Različitim vidovima političke propagande promovišu se ciljane, a ne poželjne vrednosti. .

"Debate" between Tomasz Lis and Jarosław Kaczyński. Eristic techniques used during the television interview before the election of 2011
The parliamentary elections in 2011, accounted for another installment of the rivalry between the two major parties: Platforma Obywatelska and Prawo i Sprawiedliwość. The most expected moment of the campaign was the debate between the leaders of the two formations, which could help the undecided voters to compare the images and programs of candidates. Lack of TV duel major politicians, made the interview by journalist Tomasz Lis with statesman Jarosław Kaczyński has become a substitute for debate. Because of diversity of views of both interlocutors and the course of the meeting, the event attracted a lot of emotion and audiences. Eristic techniques used during the program could indicate the involvement of publicist, who wanted to prove the falsity of the image of politics. Jarosław Kaczyński mindful of the experience of 2007, when he lost the debate with Donald Tusk, this time prepared to meet substantially, using a variety of techniques. The aim of this article is to present the most important moments of the interview and evaluate the role of event made for the election campaign.