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Abstrak Artikel ini mendeskripsikan respon pemerintah Australia terhadap pandemi COVID-19. ini Respon kebijakan pemerintah yang menjadi fokus adalah pengelolaan risiko di tiga sektor utama: kesehatan masyarakat, sistem kesehatan nasional, dan keberlangsungan perekonomian negara. Artikel ini kemudian menjelaskan bagaimana Australia dianggap sebagai salah satu contoh negara yang sukses dalam menangani pandemi COVID-19. Kebijakan untuk menutup perbatasan sejak dini dan penyusunan kebijakan terkoordinasi yang berdasar saran para ahli merupakan beberapa kunci kesuksesan Australia. Selain itu, kepatuhan masyarakat turut mendukung keberhasilan implementasi dari kebijakan pemerintahan. Namun, kepatuhan penduduk Australia merupakan hasil dari rasa percaya terhadap kemampuan pemerintah untuk menangani krisis. Berbagai faktor tersebut membuat Australia berhasil melandaikan kurva COVID-19 dalam waktu kurang dari enam bulan. Walaupun masih cukup dini untuk mengidentifikasi pelajaran yang bisa diambil dari Australia, namun dapat dikatakan bahwa di tengah pandemi dan krisis, pemerintah harus bekerja bersama dengan masyarakat agar kebijakan yang telah disusun dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik. Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19; respon pandemi; Australia This article describes the Australian Government's responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on the policy responses to mitigate the risk in three main sectors: people's health, national health system, and economic livelihoods. It discusses how Australia's response to the COVID-19 pandemic is among the few successful cases in the world. Australia's early border closure and coordinated policy measures with the experts are among the key behind Australia's success. Besides, Australian public compliance further supports the implementation of government policy. Such compliance is the result of people's trust in the Government's capability to tackle the crisis. As a consequence, Australia has succeeded in flattening the curve within less than six months. Although it is relatively early to identify the lessons learned from Australia, it is safe to say that during pandemic and crisis, in order to make the policy works, the Government needs to work together with the public. Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic response; Australia

Рассматриваются направления совершенствования организационной культуры в подразделениях местной администрации в контексте стремления работников играть роль активных "артистов", а не "статистов" административных работ. Использованы методы диагностического опроса и съемки. В опросе задействованы 380 работников местного самоуправления, занятых в 72 подразделениях Поморского и Варминско-Мазурского воеводств. Проведенные исследования показывают готовность сотрудников брать на себя новые задачи и нести за это ответственность. Результаты исследований могут служить улучшению работы административных подразделений различного уровня иерархии. ; The paper shows the direction of desirable changes in organisational culture of local government units in the context of local government employees' expectations, who more and more often are interested in the role of an "actor" in the unit than a "statesman" obediently following the supervisor's orders. The methods of diagnostic poll and surveying have been used. The study questionnaire was filled in by 380 local government units workers employed in 72 local government units located in Pomorskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie Provinces (purposive sampling, conditioned by availability of respondents). On the grounds of pilot study it can be stated that employees of local government units expect changes in organisational culture favouring professionalising, independence and innovativeness of their actions, notice the necessity of these changes, are ready to undertake new challenges and bear responsibility for the quality of tasks executed.

"E-Government" published on by Oxford University Press.

"Electronic government, or, in short e-government, can contribute significantly to strengthening the efficiency, productivity, and transparency of government institutions. However, the potentials of the new information and communication technologies (ICT) are not always so easy to translate into practice. Rapid successes can be achieved above all in cases where a solid institutional base is already in place and good expert and infrastructural resources are
available – a set of conditions not given in many developing countries. The aim of e-government is to open up new internal and external communications channels, to simplify administrative
procedures, to improve the accessibility of public actors and services, and to enhance access to information. This often also means that these new technologies are vehicles of democratic, customer-oriented, and decentralized models of political decision-making and public administration. If these models are to be translated into practice, reforms must be embedded in an overall concept that takes account of both customer and target-group demand and the
challenges posed by internal administrative cooperation and networking. In the foreseeable future it will be mainly industrialized and advanced developing countries that are in a position to
draft and implement comprehensive strategies of this kind. But potential uses are also opening up for poorer countries. The obstacles to modernization of government institutions must often be sought less in financial or infrastructural bottlenecks than in blockades in the political sphere.
Development cooperation (DC) can use e-government as a means of supporting partner countries in devising and implementing political and administrative reforms and in improving market-oriented frameworks. Beyond the immediate benefits of the new technologies, e-government should be taken as an instrument to promote good governance and to strengthen reform-oriented actors in politics and civil society." (author's abstract)

Electronic government (e-government) involves providing service to citizens, businesses, and government agencies electronically. The scope of this e-book on e-government is to provide an insight to research that is being undertaken in the e-government area. After a vigorous review process, we have selected nine papers and one expert opinion. The selected articles provide an in-depth understanding of critical issues involved in e-government