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Transport systems are facing an impossible dilemma: satisfy an increasing demand for mobility of people and goods, while decreasing their fossil-energy requirements and preserving the environment. Additionally, transport has an opportunity to evolve in a changing world, with new services, technologies but also new requirements (fast delivery, reliability, improved accessibility).The subject of traffic is organized into two separate but complementary volumes: Volume 3 on Traffic Management and Volume 4 on Traffic Safety. Traffic Safety, Volume 4 of the Research for Innovative Transports Set, presents a collection of updated papers from the TRA 2014 Conference, highlighting the diversity of research in this field. Theoretical chapters and practical case studies address topics such as road safety management and policies, accident analysis and modeling, vulnerable road users' safety, road infrastructure safety, ITS and railway safety.

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A report written by the Horizon 2020 Expert Group on Open Science - Transport Research Cloud (E03570). The report focuses on the requirements for data sharing withing the transport research community. In particular, the report examines the potential of a Transport Research Cloud (TRC) as a subset of the European Union's European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) initiative. Six domain experts collected data based on their personal experiences, contacts, prior research and a survey sent out to other researchers in the transport domain to enable a preliminary analysis concerning the needs, barriers and potential benefits for the domain should a TRC be realized. From this work ten recommendations, grouped into five broad topic areas, have been developed that the Experts believe must be addressed if a sustainable TRC is to be relaized.

The Decision Support System (DSS) is one of the key objectives of the European co-funded research project SafetyCube in order to better support evidence-based policy making. Results will be assembled in the form of a DSS that will present for each suggested road safety measure: details of risk factor tackled, measure, best estimate of casualty reduction effectiveness, cost-benefit evaluation and analytic background. The development of the DSS presents a great potential to further support decision making at local, regional, national and international level, aiming to fill in the current gap of comparable measures effectiveness evaluation. In order to provide policy-makers and industry with comprehensive and well-structured information about measures, it is essential that a systems approach is used to ensure the links between risk factors and all relevant safety measures are made fully visible. The DSS is intended to become a major source of information for industry, policy-makers and the wider road safety community.

When considering how safety systems fulfil drivers' needs, leading to an evaluation of overall benefit, it is important to understand the overall functionality of the system, take into account as many design parameters as possible and consider previous evaluation work. The objective of this research is to provide an inventory of in-vehicle technological systems that are present on current production models, using a standard template. A catalogue listing details such as the aim of the system, the functions covered by the system, phase of the accident upon which the system is acting, the level of intervention, technical specifications and previous evaluations is developed for 31 active, passive and integrated safety systems and the example of the Adaptive Cruise Control system is presented in this paper. Moreover, a review of existing identification procedures related to safety systems is carried out, aiming to underline the available information sources that could be used to gather data on safety equipment using a common format, review the variable level of quality and the feasibility and length of time that it would take to collect the data. Results revealed that although there are many different implementations of safety systems with different performance parameters, the development of a safety systems inventory can become a useful tool for analysts to establish a feel for a generic system, project the functionality of such a system onto available accident data and importantly to evaluate if the system really meets drivers' needs. The use of an assembled standard template can further act as a central register, in which analysts can quickly acquire detailed information on the system along with web links to vehicle manufacturer, governmental, safety and research organization websites. Furthermore, two main safety systems data collection methods were identified through the review of different data sources, either using the make/model/ variant approach or the VIN number method, demonstrating the feasibility of ...

This conference paper is freely available online at: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00956234 ; When considering how safety systems fulfil drivers' needs, leading to an evaluation of overall benefit, it is important to understand the overall functionality of the system, take into account as many design parameters as possible and consider previous evaluation work. The objective of this research is to provide an inventory of in-vehicle technological systems that are present on current production models, using a standard template. A catalogue listing details such as the aim of the system, the functions covered by the system, phase of the accident upon which the system is acting, the level of intervention, technical specifications and previous evaluations is developed for 31 active, passive and integrated safety systems and the example of the Adaptive Cruise Control system is presented in this paper. Moreover, a review of existing identification procedures related to safety systems is carried out, aiming to underline the available information sources that could be used to gather data on safety equipment using a common format, review the variable level of quality and the feasibility and length of time that it would take to collect the data. Results revealed that although there are many different implementations of safety systems with different performance parameters, the development of a safety systems inventory can become a useful tool for analysts to establish a feel for a generic system, project the functionality of such a system onto available accident data and importantly to evaluate if the system really meets drivers' needs. The use of an assembled standard template can further act as a central register, in which analysts can quickly acquire detailed information on the system along with web links to vehicle manufacturer, governmental, safety and research organization websites. Furthermore, two main safety systems data collection methods were identified through the review of different data sources, either using the make/model/ variant approach or the VIN number method, demonstrating the feasibility of recording all active, passive and integrated safety systems implemented within a vehicle to a European wide database. This work has been undertaken in the EC funded DaCoTA project.

As European drivers are increasingly crossing borders within the European Union for personal or professional purposes or changing residence to other Member States, the need for harmonised rules that facilitate the freedom of movement and improve road safety has increased. The third Directive on driving licences entered into force in January 2013. It provides harmonised rules aimed at enhancing drivers' freedom to move, reducing the possibility of driving licence fraud and improving road safety in the EU. The study explores the implementation of the third Directive on driving licences in Member States four years after implementation and assesses whether the introduced novelties contributed to achieving the objectives set by the Directive. An assessment of the effects of the novelties introduced by the Directive was performed by combining the findings of desk research, expert interviews and stakeholders consultation. Given the scarcity of available literature, the assessment of effects is based in large extent on expert interviews and stakeholder consultations. At the same time, the study seeks to identify the most important policy recommendations that should be addressed in order to further achieve the main objectives of the Directive and to support the overall effort to establish a common transport policy in the EU. ; Alors que les conducteurs européens franchissent de plus en plus les frontières de l'Union européenne pour raison personnelle ou professionnelle ou changent de résidence pour un autre Etat de l'Union de plus en plus souvent, harmoniser les règles qui facilitent la liberté de mouvement et améliorent la sécurité routière est devenu plus important. La 3ème Directive sur les permis de conduire est entrée en vigueur en janvier 2013. Elle prévoit des règles harmonisées visant à améliorer la liberté de circulation des conducteurs, à réduire les possibilités de fraude et à contribuer à l'amélioration de la sécurité routière dans l'Union européenne. Le présent rapport explore la mise en œuvre de la troisième directive sur les permis de conduire dans les États membres quatre ans après son entrée en vigueur et évalue si les nouveautés introduites ont contribué à la réalisation des objectifs fixés par la directive. Une évaluation des effets des nouveautés introduites par la directive a été réalisée, en combinant les résultats de la recherche documentaire, les entretiens d'experts et le cycle de consultation des parties prenantes. Compte tenu de la rareté de la littérature disponible, l'évaluation des effets repose en grande partie sur les entretiens d'experts et les consultations avec les parties prenantes. Dans le même temps, l'étude vise à identifier les recommandations politiques les plus importantes qui devraient être abordées afin d'atteindre les objectifs principaux de la directive et de soutenir les efforts globaux visant à établir une politique commune des transports dans l'UE.

The overarching vision of the BE OPEN project is creating a common understanding about the practical impact of Open Science, as well as identifying and putting in place the mechanisms to make it a reality in transport research. An essential element of reaching this vision through the BE OPEN project is developing a policy framework to establish and promote the ground-rules that will enable all stakeholders, existing tools and platforms, as well as resources and content to become an integral part of the Open Science in the transport research domain. The objective of such a policy framework is achieved as a code of conduct through this deliverable, serving as basis to establish the "European Code of Conduct on Open Science in Transport" as a living document. Based on the experience gained in previous BE OPEN deliverables, the practical experience of the involved BE OPEN beneficiaries as well as the active support by the BE OPEN Advisory Board, this deliverable contains the initial version of the code of conduct, which shall be subject to ongoing adaption and change as a living document. With the main body of the deliverable and the initial version of the "European Code of Conduct on Open Science in Transport" in ANNEX 1, this BE OPEN deliverable D 4.4 consists of two basic elements creating the fundamental conditions for a living document. As such, only the material code of conduct in ANNEX 1 shall represent the living document, which in turn shall be subject to ongoing amendments based on changing EU or EU Member State laws, evolving technology or further development of ethical aspects along with associated effects on the fundamental research principles. Moreover, the main body of the deliverable serves to provide further insight on the process of developing the initial version of the "European Code of Conduct on Open Science in Transport". This is mainly achieved by emphasising on the methodology, the definition of envisioned stakeholders and background information on the material aspects of the code of conduct ...

Road Infrastructure Safety Management (RISM) refers to a set of procedures that support a road authority in decision making related to the improvement of safety on a road network. Some of these procedures can be applied to existing infrastructure, thus enabling a reactive approach; and other procedures are used in early stages of a project's life-cycle allowing a proactive approach. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the most well-known procedures and present a series of recommendations for successful road infrastructure safety management. The work described in the paper was completed by the IRTAD sub-working group on Road Infrastructure Safety Management and presented in detail in the respective Report. The methodology followed on this purpose included the description of the most consolidated RISM procedures, the analysis of the use of RISM procedures worldwide and the identification of possible weaknesses and barriers to their implementation, the provision of good practice examples and the contribution to the scientific assessment of procedures. Specifically, the following RISM procedures were considered: Road Safety Impact Assessment (RIA), Efficiency Assessment Tools (EAT), Road Safety Audit (RSA), Network Operation (NO), Road Infrastructure Safety Performance Indicators (SPI), Network Safety Ranking (NSR), Road Assessment Programs (RAP), Road Safety Inspection (RSI), High Risk Sites (HRS) and In-depth Investigation. Each procedure was described along with tools and data needed for its implementation as well as relevant common practices worldwide. A synthesis summarizing the key information for each procedure was also drafted. Based on a survey on 23 IRTAD member countries from worldwide, the lack of resources or tools is the most commonly stated reason for not applying a RISM procedure. This has been frequently found mainly in European countries. Another common reason is the absence of recommendations/guidelines, especially for SPI, RAP, RSI and RSA. This highlights the importance of the presence of some legislation regulating the application of the procedures. Lack of data was found important mainly for SPI, HRS and EAT. Good practices of road infrastructure safety management have been explored in order to find solutions to the issues highlighted by the survey and provide examples about how these issues have been overcome in some countries. Specifically, issues related to data, legal framework, funding, knowledge, tools and dealing with more RISM procedures were addressed. Finally, nine key messages and six recommendations for better Road Infrastructure Safety Management were developed based on the conclusions made.

This paper is an updated version of the paper presented at the TRA2014 Transport Research Arena 2014: Transport Solutions: from Research to Deployment - Innovate Mobility, Mobilise Innovation! 14th-17th April 2014, Paris. This book chapter is in closed access. ; This chapter presents the analysis of a road safety management framework in European countries and the identification of "good practice" for the optimization of road safety management processes, carried out within the DaCoTA research project. It then discusses the road safety management investigation model, and describes the data collection and handling procedures. Effective organization of road safety management is assumed to be one of the conditions for obtaining good road safety results at the country level. Country profiles of the road safety management systems in the 14 European countries were analyzed and compared to the reference "good practice" system. Road safety visions and targets appear to be strongly influenced by either European Union proposals or road safety "leader" countries in Europe. Almost all European countries have road safety strategies and programs, with the majority boasting the ambitious EU targets.

TRA 2014 - Transport Research Arena : 5th Conference: Transport Solutions from Research to Deployment, PARIS, FRANCE, 14-/04/2014 - 17/04/2014 ; The objective of this paper is the analysis of road safety management in European countries and the identification of 'good practice'. A road safety management investigation model was created, based on several 'good practice' criteria. Road safety management systems have been thoroughly investigated in 14 European countries on 2010, by means of interviews with both governmental representatives and independent experts, who filled in an extensive questionnaire. A reliable and accurate picture ('profile') was created for each country, allowing country comparisons. Then, statistical methods were used to make rankings of countries, and analyse the relationship between road safety management and road safety performance. The results of the analyses suggest that it is not possible to identify one single 'good practice'. Nevertheless, there were several elements that emerged as 'good practice' criteria. On the basis of the results, recommendations are proposed at national and European level.