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To solve its big economic problems, the United States needs to think small. It is a well-worn observation that technological innovation leads to economic growth. But ever since Sputnik, the U.S. government has primarily focused on funding innovation via large universities and research institutions. This funding is not insignificant -- $143 billion in fiscal 2011, according to the National Science Foundation. Unfortunately, government grants focused on fostering novel technologies are cumbersome to apply for and incur mountains of paperwork once you get them. Small-scale innovation is nonetheless alive and well -- and will likely lead the recovery, whenever it happens. Adapted from the source document.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 How Technology Removes Our Choices -- 2 The Origins of Technology Addiction -- 3 Online Technology and Love -- 4 Online Technology and Work -- 5 Online Technology and Play -- 6 Online Technology and Life -- 7 How Can We Make Technology Healthier for Humans? -- 8 A Vision for a More Humane Tech -- 9 A Personal Epilogue -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- About the Authors

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction -- Back to School -- The Immigrant Exodus -- In This Book -- My Commitment -- Chapter 1: Why the Future of America Depends on Skilled Immigrants -- The Economic Impact -- The Innovation Impact -- The Shifting Tide -- Chapter 2: The Rise and Decline of the Immigrant-Powered Startup Machine -- The Immigrant Entrepreneur Tide Peaks -- Chapter 3: The Innovator's Dilemma: Leaving America for Greener Pastures -- Beyond Sand Hill Road -- The Decline of Silicon Valley Entrepreneurship: Why the IIT Grads Are Going Home -- Chapter 4: H-1B Visas and Immigration Limbo -- How the H-1B Harms the US Economy and Sours Immigrants on America -- The History of the H-1B Visa -- The Program Nobody Likes: Death Threats and H-1Bs -- Good for America, Good for Innovation -- First-Class Minds, Second-Class Citizens -- Chapter 5: How the World Is Trying to Steal Silicon Valley's Thunder -- The Race to Capture Entrepreneurial Talent and Skilled Immigrants -- Chapter 6: Seven Fixes to Slow the Immigrant Exodus -- 1. Increase the number of green cards available to skilled immigrants. -- 2. Allow spouses of H-1B visa holders to work. -- 3. Target immigration based on required skills. -- 4. Untether the H-1B worker from the employer. -- 5. Permanently extend the term of OPT for foreign students from one to four years. -- 6. Institute a startup visa. -- 7. Remove the country caps on green cards. -- How Much Economic Value Could These Changes Drive? -- Conclusion -- About the Author -- About the Writer -- About Wharton Digital Press -- About The Wharton School -- © 2012 by Vivek Wadhwa -- About the Book -- Endnotes

Unlike prior studies of the impact of health insurance on entrepreneurship, this paper uses primary data from a representative recent survey of entrepreneurs. First, we report the characteristics and socio-economic backgrounds of entrepreneurs. Second, we document that the lack of health insurance has a significant inhibiting impact on entrepreneurs. This paper also documents that the importance of health insurance availability increases for entrepreneurs who are self-funded, married, have children, are from less privileged backgrounds and are in advanced stages of their lives as indicated by having advanced degrees or long work experience when they become entrepreneurs. These results should be of much interest to scholars, managers and policymakers.