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Distintas corrientes y tradiciones han estudiado la actitud del alumnado en la escuela, y gran parte de las investigaciones se han centrado en las resistencias escolares. A partir de un diseño explicativo de métodos mixtos secuenciales, que consiste en recoger primero datos cuantitativos y después datos cualitativos para explicar o elaborar los resultados cuantitativos, se presentan resultados de la fase cualitativa a partir del análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se analizan los motivos por los que el alumnado tiene actitudes de adhesión o de resistencia al final de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y como influye en sus itinerarios educativos posteriores. Los resultados muestran una interseccionalidad a la hora de analizar la actitud del alumnado, se observan importantes diferencias por razón de clase, origen y sexo. Se pone de manifiesto el importante papel que juega el profesorado y el centro de enseñanza, sus prácticas y el acompañamiento que hacen del alumnado

Fitting vocational training into the Spanish education system has been challenging and problematic because two objectives are trying to be fulfilled; the first to supply skills for the productive system and the second to be an alternative option for the young people who do not follow the academic track. Moreover, the political vicissitudes of recent decades have added to the difficulties involved in balancing these requirements. In Spain, both the economic agents and the education system itself with its academic inertia have relegated vocational training to a subordinate position, able to attract mainly young people with lower academic achievement and largely rejected by families with a higher educational level. The assumption was that the introduction of a comprehensive secondary education in the 1990s would provide parity between the academic and the vocational tracks. However, the comprehensive nature of this system was not fully applied, with students in many schools separated by ability levels, and in fact having little impact on the social bias of the students choosing vocational training. The empirical contribution of this study is based on a survey carried out among 2056 students from Barcelona in their last year of compulsory secondary education in 2013-14 and who continued in full-time education, be it baccalaureate or vocational training. The main result shows that comprehensive education improves school success and decreases the vocational orientation of students from low social backgrounds.

During their transition from lower to upper secondary education, young peoplemake educational and occupational choices driven by their aspirations. Such aspirations are shaped by the individuals' social environment, their idea of what seems achievable and desirable, and their experiences. Therefore, aspirations can change during the transitional phase. In this article, we explore the development of educational and occupational aspirations of young people over three years. At the start of the study period, the students were attending the lower track in lower secondary education, the so‐called Neue Mittelschule (8th grade), in the city of Vienna in the 2017–2018 academic year. Drawing on the panel survey data (2018-2020) of the Pathways to the Future project, we simultaneously explore stability and change of educational and occupational aspirations. We describe different patterns of change in aspirations and analyse the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and prior achievement on these patterns. Using latent transition analysis, we identify 11 patterns of aspirations with important differences depending on social background. Most of the students have stable aspirations. However, the results show that school performance, migration background, and the level of parental education play important roles in explaining different levels and patterns of aspirations over time. These longitudinal analyses of educational and occupational aspirations provide important insights into the transition process.