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The purpose of This paper is to analyze, after giving a synthetic reconstruction of The Stroessner's regime, The complex dynamics of transitional justice in Paraguay. Special attention is devoted to The discovery in 1992 of The Archivos del Terror (The Horror Files) and The establishment and operation of The Commission for Truth and justice That was created in October 2003 by President Nicanor Duarte Frutos. It also reflects about The reactions of politicians and The judiciary to The recommendations and remedial measures suggested by The final report of The Commission. ; El propósito del artículo es analizar, después de haber ofrecido una reconstrucción sintética del régimen de Stroessner, las complejas dinámicas de la justicia de transición en Paraguay. Especial atención se dedica al descubrimiento, en 1992, de los «Archivos del Terror» y a la constitución y funcionamiento de la Comisión de Verdad y justicia creada, en octubre 2003, por el presidente de la República, Nicanor Duarte Frutos. También se reflexiona sobre las reacciones de los políticos y del Poder Judicial a las recomendaciones y medidas de reparación sugeridas del informe final de dicha Comisión.

Migrant street workers are removed from urban spaces in the Italian cities where they work, because of municipal and police decisions. The methodology followed in this research oriented to understand migrant street vending in Italy is constructivist and mixed, qualitative, and quantitative. The hypothesis that is supported by this article is that the political and racist restrictions imposed on immigrant street vendor workers produce a process of irregularisation that jeopardises their chances of renewing their residence permit or gaining access to citizenship. The paper then discusses how forms of racialization are reproduced through systems of irregularisation, and introduces the concept of democratic racialization to understand how racialisation is reproduced, consolidated, and normalised by democratic instruments. The paper ends with suggestions for future research to collect data on police decisions and actions against foreign street workers. Keywords: racialisation; urban space; race profiling; public policies; urban ethnography. ····· Migranții lucrători stradali sunt îndepărtați din spațiile urbane în orașele italiene în care lucrează, prin deciziile municipalităților și poliției. Metodologia urmată în această cercetare, orientată spre înțelegerea activităților de vânzare stradală desfășurate de migranți în Italia, este constructivistă și mixtă, calitativă și cantitativă. Ipoteza susținută de articol este că restricțiile politice și rasiste impuse lucrătorilor migranți vânzători stradali produc un proces de nereglementare care le periclitează șansele de a-și reînnoi permisele de rezidență sau de a accede la cetățenie. Articolul discută cum formele de rasializare sunt reproduse prin sistemele de nereglementare și introduce conceptul de "rasializare democratică" pentru a înțelege cum rasializarea este reprodusă, consolidată și normalizată prin instrumente democratice. Materialul se încheie cu sugestii pentru cercetări viitoare, care să colecteze informații despre deciziile și acțiunile poliției împotriva vânzătorilor stradali străini. Cuvinte-cheie: rasializare; spațiu urban; profilare rasială; politici publice; etnografie urbană.

"O claro é certo? Discourse markers claro (PT) and certo (ITA): a contrastive study. The present study aims to compare the dialogical uses of two discourse markers (DM), namely the European Portuguese claro and the Italian certo, by analysing the data extracted from two corpora of spoken language (the Corpus de Referência do Português Contemporâneo and the KIParla corpus). Both claro and certo are part of the group of conversational markers of epistemic modality, which includes a vast set of linguistic expressions revolving around the semantics of ""right"", ""clear"", and ""obvious"". This study shows that in European Portuguese, claro is the most frequent and polysemic DM (the "pivot form"), playing different functions in the construction of interpersonal cooperation and negotiation of meaning: in dialogical contexts, claro can mark cooperative attention, emphatic response, or agreement. To mark such functions, claro can occur within different syntactic and functional patterns, such as repetitions and co-occurrence with other DMs. In the comparison with Italian, data show that certo functions similarly in a great extent of communicative situations, thus concluding that semantic and functional parallelism can be drawn between the two DMs. However, a noteworthy difference in use relies on the speakers' choice of DM during their communicative exchanges: in European Portuguese, speakers seem to utter different epistemic DMs in a sequence of dialogical turns to signal the same functions, while it does not appear as natural in Italian. On the contrary, Italian speakers appear to use one epistemic DM at a time. This difference, although subtle, may constitute a critical area for translation. Keywords: discourse markers, epistemic discourse markers, dialogue, certo, claro."