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Chapter 1: Introduction - Chilean Students' Opposition to the Pinochet Regime (1973-1990) -- Chapter 2: Contexts -- Chapter 3: A Culture of Opposition -- Chapter 4: Democracy at the University of Chile -- Chapter 5: Secondary School Students Campaign for Democracy -- Chapter 6: The Right to be Young.

Dubai, the most extreme example to date of a realized neo-liberal capitalist urban utopia, is perhaps at its point of death. That is to say that, barring suicide, the only hope Dubai's bonded labour – those tricked, forced and exploited into negated lives of low-paid wage servitude – have of losing their chains, given the emirate's resilience to objections and protests from a multitude of commentators and activists, seems to be the stalling of construction, the falling demand for building projects – mega or otherwise – that the latest major financial crisis and economic recession necessitates.

AbstractThe article argues that the lack of convincing empirical evidence for the global economy as being subject to 'command and control' results from that contention being a neo‐Marxist myth. First, imagining the global economy as being subject to 'highly concentrated command' through the function of some major cities as 'strategic sites' for the production of 'command and control' is traced back through several neo‐Marxist authors to narrate its genesis, and to argue that the lack of evidence for that proposition is a consequence of those antecedents envisioning capitalism as a totalizing structure, thus making the assumption that it is subject to control and coordination from a distance. Second, Taylor's interlocking world city network model is forensically examined to explain that it is fallacious because it is a structuralism that, bedevilled by a sorites paradox, contains the further problem of containing no credible evidence for the existence of 'command centres'. Finally, the article moves beyond neo‐Marxism's key concepts by juxtaposing their assumptions with ethnographic results from social studies of finance, a manoeuvre which forges an understanding of cities as socio‐technical assemblages and eventful multiplicities, beyond, inter alia, the baseless assumption that the global economy is subject to 'command and control'.

The paper is a critique of a critique; it explains why the most salient and influential critiques of the neo-Marxist world city and global city concepts, made by those arguing to further postcolonialize urban studies through such suppositions that all cities are 'ordinary', are misguided. First, it is explained how the charges of economism and ethnocentrism against the world city and global city concepts are ignoratio elenchi: They do not even begin to address or critique their neo-Marxist argument that, across the difference and diversity of the world's cities, a few major cities have the necessary economic specialization and therefore extraordinary function of commanding and controlling neoliberal globalization. Second, the error made by advocates of ordinary cities of supposing that world-systems analysis and the world city concept are forms of developmentalism is understood as the source for a wider postcolonial mistake of conflating the neo-Marxist world city and global city literatures with the very neoliberal practices toward urban development that they have long attempted to disclose and counter. Finally, the charges against the world city and global city concepts as paradigmatic, peripheralizing, and normative are also rebutted, not only to highlight how those critiques are consequentialist and dependent on the respective charges of economism, ethnocentrism, and developmentalism having veracity, but to demonstrate how an acceptance of the ordinary cities argument for an idiographic, provincial, nominalist, and comparative approach to urban studies, as an alternative to the two neo-Marxist concepts, is only to fall into the trap of making the mistake of confusing evidence of absence for absence of evidence.

In December 1992, Baudrillard delivered the lecture "Hyperreal America" at Essex University in the United Kingdom. In his lecture, Baudrillard talked around his now famous book America (published in French in 1986 and in English in 1988) in which he argued that the fascination and catastrophe of America is its hyperreality, which allows the idea and paradox that there utopia has been achieved. The lecture was subsequently translated by David Macey and published in the journal Economy & Society. However, the questions and answers that the talk provoked—and that provided clarification of some of Baudrillard's central arguments about the hyperreality of America—have not been transcribed, and this is what is presented here.

Inspection report of the quarters of the American Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy by the officer of the day, R. G. Smith, on 5 February 1823.