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Cover -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction -- Part I Discourses of Slavery -- 1 'Candid Reflections': The Idea of Race in the Debate over the Slave Trade and Slavery in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century -- 2 Abolishing Romance: Representing Rape in Oroonoko -- 3 'Incessant Labour': Georgic Poetry and the Problem of Slavery -- 4 Sensibility, Tropical Disease, and the Eighteenth-Century Sentimental Novel -- Part II Slavery from Within -- 5 'The Hellish Means of Killing and Kidnapping': Ignatius Sancho and the Campaign against the 'Abominable Traffic for Slaves' -- 6 Who's Afraid of Cannibals? Some Uses of the Cannibalism Trope in Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative -- 7 'From His Own Lips': The Politics of Authenticity in A Narrative of Events since the First of August, 1834, by James Williams, an Apprenticed Labourer in Jamaica -- 8 The History of Mary Prince, the Black Subject, and the Black Canon -- Part III Discourses of Abolition -- 9 Henry Smeathman, the Fly-Catching Abolitionist -- 10 Sentiment, Politics, and Empire: A Study of Beilby Porteus's Anti-Slavery Sermon -- 11 Slavery, Abolition, and the Nation in Priscilla Wakefield's Tour Books for Children -- 12 Questioning the 'Necessary Order of Things': Maria Edgeworth's 'The Grateful Negro', Plantation Slavery, and the Abolition of the Slave Trade -- 13 Turner's The Slave Ship (1840): Towards a Dialectical History Painting -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Aim: To assess the effect of abdominal massage pre-gavage feeding on tolerated feeding for low birth weight (LBW) infants. Methods: An experimental research design at a government hospital at Egypt. Purposive sample composed of LBW infants was randomly divided into study and control groups each with 60 LBW infants. Results: A total of 55% of the participants in the study group grew sleepy, whereas only 15% of the studied participants in the control group grew sleepy. The abdominal circumference after feeding in the study group was 23.18 ± 2.99 cm, whereas that in the control group was 24.79 ± 2.99 cm. The gastric residual volume in the study group was 0.8 ± 0.10 ml, whereas that in the control group was 3.86 ± 1.03 ml. Conclusion: Finally, abdominal massage had a positive impact on the postfeeding state of alertness and feeding tolerance. © 2021 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ; This study was self-funded, without any external sources I would like to express my sincere thanks for parents of neonates who included at the study.

Funder: The Public Health Agency of Canada and the Government of Norway provided financial support, without which this work could not have been completed ; Objectives: To describe new WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods: The guidelines were developed in accordance with WHO protocols. An expert Guideline Development Group reviewed evidence to assess associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour for an agreed set of health outcomes and population groups. The assessment used and systematically updated recent relevant systematic reviews; new primary reviews addressed additional health outcomes or subpopulations. Results: The new guidelines address children, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150–300 min of moderate-intensity, or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or some equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children and adolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity across the week provides health benefits. The guidelines recommend regular muscle-strengthening activity for all age groups. Additionally, reducing sedentary behaviours is recommended across all age groups and abilities, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold. Conclusion: These 2020 WHO guidelines update previous WHO recommendations released in 2010. They reaffirm messages that some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes and provide a new recommendation on reducing sedentary behaviours. These guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and for the first time, there are specific recommendations for specific populations including for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets.

Funder: The Public Health Agency of Canada and the Government of Norway provided financial support, without which this work could not have been completed ; OBJECTIVES: To describe new WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. METHODS: The guidelines were developed in accordance with WHO protocols. An expert Guideline Development Group reviewed evidence to assess associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour for an agreed set of health outcomes and population groups. The assessment used and systematically updated recent relevant systematic reviews; new primary reviews addressed additional health outcomes or subpopulations. RESULTS: The new guidelines address children, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150-300 min of moderate-intensity, or 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or some equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children and adolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity across the week provides health benefits. The guidelines recommend regular muscle-strengthening activity for all age groups. Additionally, reducing sedentary behaviours is recommended across all age groups and abilities, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold. CONCLUSION: These 2020 WHO guidelines update previous WHO recommendations released in 2010. They reaffirm messages that some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes and provide a new recommendation on reducing sedentary behaviours. These guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and for the first time, there are specific recommendations for specific populations including for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets.