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This article hypothesises that the Indian Navy's modernisation is directionless, the Latin phrase 'Quod perierat navis' meaning 'a lost ship' metaphorically representing the Indian Navy. While China's naval expansion is set to revive great power naval brinkmanship in the twenty-first century, India's naval modernisation appears rudderless without a critical appraisal of new challenges and countermeasures. This article hypothesises that this stems from the lack of an objective maritime doctrine resulting in a confused capability acquisition programme. The article puts forward three questions: First, is there a military strategy or white paper on India's maritime threats and strengths? Second, is the Indian Navy bolstering its marine defences? Third, how might limited resources optimise capacities to meet challenges? To evaluate Indian Navy modernisation, this article will employ a qualitative method to explore the strategic objectives and utilisation of emerging naval technologies by the Indian Navy and its prospective rivals, and conclude by proposing suitable course corrections.

Jhumpa lahiri"s The Lowland is a judicious supplement to her already popular oeuvre of fiction writing, including Pulitzer Prize winner Interpreter of Maladies (1999), The Namesake (2003) and Unaccustomed Earth (2008). The story of novel concerns two siblings, Subhash and Udayan Mitra and due to circumstances in the 1960s, they parted their ways. Subhash moves to United States for higher studies in Oceanography and settles there while his younger brother, Udayan, lives by Marxist ideology. The tumultuous political context in the wake of colonial rule in India marks the personal saga of a family deeper than in any other Lahirian fiction. Lahiri"s plots are well planned in the backdrop of diasporic predicament of characters striving to cope up with problems of familial relationships and interconnectedness between people. She delves deeply into emotional tangles of her characters and establishes the need for reaching out in renewed emotional communication between them to resolve conflicts and problems of mutual adjustment. Portraying life of the Indian migrants to America, Lahiri has been very poignant in capturing the diasporic spirit of her characters muddled in multiple emotional tangles. However, she deals purely with emotional turmoil and subsequent isolation and guilt experienced by central characters. The narrative deals with the theme of uprooting and assimilation with efforts made to establish connectivity among the characters. The present paper first discusses the concept of identity and cultural transformation in diasporic space and then traces these issues in The Lowland which was shortlisted for Man Booker Prize 2013.Keywords: Identity, Cultural Transformation, Naxalite, Diaspora and Third Space.

Background: Labial frenum is a fold of mucous membrane whose function is to attach lips and cheek to the alveolar mucosa, gingiva and underlying periosteum. The maxillary labial frenum has lot of variation in shape, size location. This study was aimed to assess the variation of maxillary labial frenum in the indigenous Chepang community of Nepal.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the Chepang community at Madi municipality in Chitwan, Nepal. The clinical examination was done by distending the upper lip upward for viewing. The obtained data was classified according to Mirko and Sewerin classification. Data was entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 and descriptive statistics was performed.Results: All the Chepang participants 102 (100 %) had mucosal type of maxillary frenum. Among the variations normal frenum was mostly present 74 (72.5%). This type was mostly present in male participants 44 (43.1%). Apart from this frenum with nodules and appendix was also observed.Conclusions: The mucosal type of frenal attachment was prevalent in Chepang Community and normal frenum was the most common type of frenal morphology. Keywords: Chepang community; maxillary labial frenum; mucosal

Testability leads to a large increment in operating costs from their original circuits which drastically increases the power consumption in logic circuits. This paper presents a new design for testability methodology for the detection of stuck-at faults in multiple controlled Toffoli based reversible circuits. The circuit is modified in such a manner that the applied test vector reaches all the levels without any change in values on the wires of the circuit. An (n+1) dimensional general test set containing only two test vectors is presented, which provide full coverage of single and multiple stuck-at faults in the circuit. The work is further extended to locate the occurrence of stuck-at faults in the circuit. Deterministic approaches are described and the modification methodology is experimented on a set of benchmarks. The present work achieved a reduction up to $50.58\%$ in operating costs as compared to the existing work implemented on the same platform.