The review discusses the most recent work of the historian David Ginard entitled Treballadors, sindicalistes i clandestins (Ginard, 2012, 2014). The book presents oral testimonies literally transcribed from leftist activists in the Balearic Islands during period 1930-1950 and prior to the growth of tourism on the islands. ; La últimas obras del historiador David Ginard, Treballadors, sindicalistes i clandestins (Ginard, 2012, 2014), y la que presentamos en esta reseña, presentan el testimonio oral transcrito literalmente de antiguos activistas de izquierdas que vivieron el período histórico de 1930-1950 en las Islas Baleares, previo al proceso de turistificación del archipiélago.
During the decades prior to the Civil War, extensive factory modernisation in the islands of Mallorca and Menorca meant that there were numerous committees of political parties and unions, mutual societies, and cooperatives. The decline of industry, with the tourist boom that was initiated with the 1959 stabilisation plan, meant the progressive disappearance of these organisations on the islands.The book, 'Sindicatos y turismo de masas en las Baleares. Del franquismo a la democracia' focuses on the history of unionism in the hotel industry in the Balearic Islands, which resurfaced after union elections in 1975, and went on to change the organisation of Mallorcan hotel workers. ; Durante las décadas previas a la Guerra Civil en las islas Baleares, y debido a un marco económico fundamentado en la modernización fabril en municipios de Mallorca y Menorca, existían comités de partidos y sindicatos, mutuas y cooperativas. El desvanecimiento de esta industria, con el boom turístico, iniciado con el Plan de Estabilización de 1959, implicó la progresiva desaparición del sistema obrero insular.El libro, Sindicatos y turismo de masas en las Baleares. Del franquismo a la democracia, se centra en la historia del sindicalismo de la hostelería en Baleares, que resurgió de las elecciones sindicales de 1975 y que irrumpió de una organización sindical de los trabajadores hoteleros mallorquines.
Abstract. Large boulders have been found on marine cliffs of 24 study areas on Minorca, in the Balearic archipelago. These large imbricated boulders of up to 229 t are located on platforms that comprise the rocky coastline of Minorca, several tens of meters from the edge of the cliff, up to 15 m above the sea level and kilometers away from any inland escarpment. They are mostly located on the south-eastern coast of the island, and numerical models have identified this coastline as a zone with a high probability of tsunami impact. The age of the boulders of the studied localities range between 1574 AD and recent times, although most of them are concentrated around the year 1790 AD. Although some storm waves might play a role in their dislodging, the distribution of the boulder sites along the Balearic Islands, the degree and direction of imbrication and the run-up necessary for their placement suggest transport from northern African tsunami waves that hit the coastline of Minorca.
53 pages, 10 figures, 20 tables ; This paper provides an overview of the last 40 years of use, and in many cases abuse, of the natural resources in Catalonia, a country that is representative of European countries in general, and especially those in the Mediterranean region. It analyses the use of natural resources made by mining, agriculture, livestock, logging, fishing, nature tourism, and energy production and consumption. This use results in an ecological footprint, i.e., the productive land and sea surface required to generate the consumed resources and absorb the resulting waste, which is about seven times the amount available, a very high number but very similar to other European countries. This overexploitation of natural resources has a huge impact on land and its different forms of cover, air, and water. For the last 25 years, forests and urban areas have each gained almost 3% more of the territory at the expense of agricultural land; those municipalities bordering the sea have increased their number of inhabitants and activity, and although they only occupy 6.7% of the total surface area, they account for 43.3% of the population; air quality has stabilized since the turn of the century, and there has been some improvement in the state of aquatic ecosystems, but still only 36% are in good condition, while the remainder have suffered morphological changes and different forms of nonpoint source pollution; meanwhile the biodiversity of flora and fauna remains still under threat. Environmental policies do not go far enough so there is a need for revision of the legislation related to environmental impact and the protection of natural areas, flora, and fauna. The promotion of environmental research must be accompanied by environmental education to foster a society which is more knowledgeable, has more control and influence over the decisions that deeply affect it. Indeed, nature conservation goes hand in hand with other social and economic challenges that require a more sustainable vision. Today's problems with nature derive from the current economic model, which is environmentally unsustainable in that it does not take into account environmental impacts. Lastly, we propose a series of reasonable and feasible priority measures and actions related to each use made of the country's natural resources, to the impacts they have had, and to their management, in the hope that these can contribute to improving the conservation and management of the environment and biodiversity and move towards sustainability ; This research was funded by the Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC). With the funding support of the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) ; Peer reviewed
This paper provides an overview of the last 40 years of use, and in many cases abuse, of the natural resources in Catalonia, a country that is representative of European countries in general, and especially those in the Mediterranean region. It analyses the use of natural resources made by mining, agriculture, livestock, logging, fishing, nature tourism, and energy production and consumption. This use results in an ecological footprint, i.e., the productive land and sea surface required to generate the consumed resources and absorb the resulting waste, which is about seven times the amount available, a very high number but very similar to other European countries. This overexploitation of natural resources has a huge impact on land and its different forms of cover, air, and water. For the last 25 years, forests and urban areas have each gained almost 3% more of the territory at the expense of agricultural land; those municipalities bordering the sea have increased their number of inhabitants and activity, and although they only occupy 6.7% of the total surface area, they account for 43.3% of the population; air quality has stabilized since the turn of the century, and there has been some improvement in the state of aquatic ecosystems, but still only 36% are in good condition, while the remainder have suffered morphological changes and different forms of nonpoint source pollution; meanwhile the biodiversity of flora and fauna remains still under threat. Environmental policies do not go far enough so there is a need for revision of the legislation related to environmental impact and the protection of natural areas, flora, and fauna. The promotion of environmental research must be accompanied by environmental education to foster a society which is Land 2021, 10, 144 3 of 53 more knowledgeable, has more control and influence over the decisions that deeply affect it. Indeed, nature conservation goes hand in hand with other social and economic challenges that require a more sustainable vision. Today's problems with nature derive from the current economic model, which is environmentally unsustainable in that it does not take into account environmental impacts. Lastly, we propose a series of reasonable and feasible priority measures and actions related to each use made of the country's natural resources, to the impacts they have had, and to their management, in the hope that these can contribute to improving the conservation and management of the environment and biodiversity and move towards sustainability. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
