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Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar a sociobiografia de um objeto: o absorvente higiênico no Brasil. Isto para discutir a produção de identidades e diferenças sociais, no contexto de emergência de uma "sociedade de consumo" em meados do século XX no Brasil. Diante deste panorama, privilegiarei a investigação dos investimentos em marketing e publicidade deste produto, especialmente entre os anos de 1954 e 1971, em uma das revistas femininas de maior circulação no Rio de Janeiro daquela época: a revista Querida.

Um discurso social muito comum no Brasil estabelece que se deve "retirar as crianças das ruas e dar oportunidades". Tal discurso serve de base para ações de ONGs e projetos sociais instalados nas periferias brasileiras. Estas ações podem ser entendidas como manifestações da movimentação da sociedade civil organizada que se dirigem ao enfrentamento de problemas sociais em um contexto de aparente "crise das instituições". Além disso, são características de uma mudança de foco no enfrentamento das violências em uma direção preventiva. Este artigo analisa os discursos e práticas de educadores de ONGs de educação infantil, e procura explorar os entendimentos do conceito de "violência" e as formas como este entendimento afeta as modalidades propostas de intervenção e prevenção, buscando perceber o que as soluções propostas podem nos dizer acerca da maneira como estes agentes veem e interpretam moralmente o público atendido, o mundo contemporâneo e seus problemas e a si mesmos.

Este artigo analisa a trajetória científica e intelectual de Edgard Roquette-Pinto, em especial suas tentativas de provar, dentro dos paradigmas raciais (e racistas) vigentes no Brasil no início do século XX, que a população brasileira não era "inferior" ou "degenerada" como afirmavam as teorias então em voga. A metodologia aqui utilizada é baseada em revisão bibliográfica e documental, abrangendo as obras do referido autor, suas biografias, comentadores de seus trabalhos e documentos como atas de congressos, reuniões e relatórios científicos. Os resultados tentam argumentar que, apesar sua obra aparecer muitas vezes como paradoxal (pois se utilizava da mesma linguagem e métodos dos teóricos raciais), boa parte de sua carreira acadêmica foi dedicada a reabilitar e dignificar a nossa miscigenada população frente aos que a detratavam.

The 20th century was a period in the history of humanity that was marked by numerous technological advances, many discoveries and achievements in terms of knowledge, science and the arts, as well as numerous changes and political restructuring. In the Human Sciences, especially in Philosophy, new concepts and thoughts that marked and conquered the opinions of the intellectuals of that time emerged. One of these new concepts was the "Deconstruction" around the 60s of that century. The term "Deconstruction" was used for the first time by the philosopher Jacques Derrida in his work "De Grammatologie" in 1967. Deconstructivist Architecture emerged in the 80s of the 20th century. Deconstruction had as the main intention the rediscovery of new values, through the contrast of concepts, and the suppression of Modernism. Architecture was no exception, because new thoughts, styles, movements and new constructive techniques arose, which produced and caused a (re)affirmation of Architecture in society, through the implementation of new configurations and modern spatial conceptions. "Deconstruction", as an architectural movement, arose from the fusion of the Russian Constructivism and other movements related to the philosophical concept of "Deconstruction" presented by Jacques Derrida. But it is the 1988 exhibition "Deconstructivist Architecture" organized by Marc Wigley and Philip Johnson at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), in New York, that acknowledges Deconstruction in Architecture. Frank Gehry, Peter Eisenman, Daniel Libeskind, Rem Koolhaas, Zaha Hadid, Coop Himmelb(l)au, and Bernard Tschumi were the avant-garde architects featured in this exhibition. On the 25th anniversary of the exhibition, MoMA curator Barry Bergdoll hosted "Deconstructivism: Retrospective Views and Actuality", which traced the subsequent careers of that seven architects to examine the impact of the exhibition and the changes in architecture in those 25 years. This paper identifies the Deconstruction concepts that were the basis of deconstructivist architecture but keeping in mind that Iconic deconstructivist architects were not committed completely to all concepts of this philosophy as they produced their architectural objects. Two iconic buildings as Peter Eisenman's City of Culture outside Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum Bilbao (Spain) are presented to achieve the debate. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Optimizing reaction conditions depends on expert chemistry knowledge and laborious exploration of reaction parameters. To automate this task and augment chemical intuition, we here report a computational tool to navigate search spaces. Our approach (LabMate.ML) integrates random sampling of 0.03%–0.04% of all search space as input data with an interpretable, adaptive machine-learning algorithm. LabMate.ML can optimize many real-valued and categorical reaction parameters simultaneously, with minimal computational resources and time. In nine prospective proof-of-concept studies pursuing distinctive objectives, we demonstrate how LabMate.ML can identify optimal goal-oriented conditions for several different chemistries and substrates. Double-blind competitions and the conducted expert surveys reveal that its performance is competitive with that of human experts. LabMate.ML does not require specialized hardware, affords quantitative and interpretable reactivity insights, and autonomously formalizes chemical intuition, thereby providing an innovative framework for informed, automated experiment selection toward the democratization of synthetic chemistry. ; D.R. is a Swiss National Science Foundation Fellow (grant nos. P2EZP3_168827 and P300P2_177833). E.A.H. is supported by the Herchel Smith Fellowship awarded by Williams College. G.J.L.B. is a Royal Society URF (URF\R\180019). T.R. is an Investigador Auxiliar supported by FCT Portugal (CEECIND/00887/2017). T.R. acknowledges the H2020 (TWINN-2017 ACORN, grant no. 807281), FCT/FEDER (02/SAICT/2017, grant no. 28333). D.R. acknowledges the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab and the MIT SenseTime coalition for funding. The authors are extremely grateful to several colleagues for suggesting Ugi reaction conditions, and to Prof. R. Langer and Prof. G. Traverso, who provided invaluable comments on the research and manuscript. The authors are indebted to Prof. R. Moreira for access to the CEM microwave reactor; Dr. F. Corzana for technical assistance with HRMS; and the 13 graduate ...

Busca-se neste artigo, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, descobrir se a negociação coletiva tem permitido a efetivação da igualdade de gênero nas negociações realizadas pelo Sindicato dos Professores no Estado do Paraná que vigeram durante o ano de 2019. Para tanto, define-se a igualdade, formal e material, e apresentase a discriminação em razão do gênero. Após, demonstra-se que a negociação coletiva pode ser usada como instrumento de efetivação da igualdade material entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, bem como, combate à discriminação. Por fim, apresentase o resultado das análises das negociações coletivas que vigeram durante o ano de 2019 no Sindicato dos Professores no Estado do Paraná, sendo que, a partir dos conceitos teóricos, são identificadas cláusulas dos acordos ou convenções coletivas que contribuem para a efetivação da igualdade material entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras. Como resultado do trabalho, identifica-se que esse sindicado ainda é incipiente em suas conquistas para a classe, mas estão presentes cláusulas que permitem, ainda que indiretamente, a efetivação da igualdade.Palavras-chave: Igualdade Material; Negociação Coletiva; Igualdade de gênero; Assédio Sexual; Discriminação em Razão do Sexo.

Measurements of hyperpolarized ¹³C label exchange between injected [1-¹³C]pyruvate and the endogenous tumor lactate pool can give an apparent first order rate constant for the exchange. Determination of isotope flux, however, requires an estimate of the labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor. This was achieved here by measuring tumor uptake of [1-¹⁴C]pyruvate, which showed that <2% of the injected pyruvate reached the tumor site. Multiplication of this estimated labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor with the apparent first order rate constant for hyperpolarized ¹³C label exchange gave an isotope flux that showed good agreement with a flux determined directly by injecting non polarized [3-¹³C]pyruvate and then rapidly excising the tumor after 30 s and measuring ¹³C-labeled lactate concentrations in tumor extracts. The distribution of labeled lactate between intra- and extracellular compartments and the blood pool was investigated by imaging, by measuring labeled lactate concentration in blood and tumor, and by examining the effects of a gadolinium contrast agent and a lactate transport inhibitor on the intensity of the hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]lactate signal. These measurements showed that there was significant export of labeled lactate from the tumor but that labeled lactate in the blood pool produced by injection of hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate has only relatively low levels of polarization. This study has shown that measurements of hyperpolarized ¹³C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate in a murine tumor model can provide an estimate of the true isotope flux if the concentration of labeled pyruvate that reaches the tumor can be determined. ; This work was supported by a Cancer Research UK Programme grant (17242) awarded to K.M.B. and the Cancer Research UK & Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (CRUK-EPSRC) Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester (16465). E.M.S. is a recipient of a fellowship from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the Marie Curie Initial Training Network METAFLUX (project number 264780). T.B.R. is a recipient of an Intra-European Marie Curie (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF, Imaging Lymphoma) fellowship and a Long-term European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO-ALT-1145-2009) fellowship. E.M.S. acknowledges the educational support of the Programme for Advanced Medical Education from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Champalimaud Foundation, Ministerio de Saude and Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal. The polarizer and related materials were provided by GE Healthcare. The polarimeter was provided by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Centre. The laboratory is a member of and receives support from the CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester. This work was conducted under a research agreement with GE Healthcare. K.M.B. and M.I.K. hold patents with GE Healthcare on some aspects of the polarizer technology.

15 pages, 7 figures.-- et al. ; An overview of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods and their applications in the study of the metabolism of brain cells in vitro and in the in vivo brain is presented as well as their implications for modern molecular imaging techniques. Various topics will be discussed, such as general properties of the 13C NMR spectrum, 13C NMR spectroscopy acquisition protocols, determination of fractional 13C enrichment, 13C(2H) NMR methodologies, and the use of 13C hyperpolarized substrates for NMR spectroscopy and imaging. Some illustrative applications are described, both in vitro and in vivo. ; This work was supported by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia SAF 2004-03197, SAF 2008-01327 ande NAN 2004-09124-C07-03 to S.C, grant S-BIO2006-170 from the Community of Madrid to S.C, fundacao para a Ciencia e Tegnologia (F.C.T). Portugal (Proyect POCTI/1999/BCI/36160), FEDER and grant MEDITRANS (FP VI 2006, EU IP NMP-02668) from the European Union. T.B.R and CPF were supported by fellowships from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tegnologia/Ministério da Ciencia e Ensino Superior - Portugal (SFRH/BPD/26881/2006 and PRAXIS XXI/BD/21462/99, respectively). ; Peer reviewed