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Investigates the extent to which poverty is passed from parents to children in the US. Transition matrices, constructed using 1968-1988 data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, show the probability of being poor, conditional on the poverty status of one's parents. Intergenerational immobility is measured using various coefficients of agreement. It is concluded that, under the economic conditions of the last two decades, children of poor parents have a 16%-28% probability of being poor adults. Had economic conditions not improved during the 1970s & 1980s, the probability of inheriting the poverty of one's parents would have been 32%-46%. About 50% of those who escape the poverty of their parents end up with a net family income less than twice the poverty line. Results adds weight to recent evidence that economic mobility in the US is less than had been previously thought, & cast doubt on the widely held belief that equality of opportunity is a characteristic of US society. 5 Tables, 23 References. Adapted from the source document.

It seems to be well understood that the simultaneous import and export of goods which have different production functions, but which are aggregated into the same industry in classification schemes such as the SITC, is quite consistent with the standard trade theory of the Heckscher‐Ohlin‐Samuelson (HOS) model. For example, Grubel and Lloyd (1975, p.87) admit that two‐way trade in products such as wood and metal furniture, or nylon and wool yarn, which have similar end uses but different input requirements, can be explained readily by the HOS model (1979, p. 88). Gray explicitly distinguishes between "categorical aggregation" which occurs when there is two‐way trade in goods with different production functions and is consistent with the HOS model, and "true intra‐industry trade" which occurs when a country imports and exports "goods with virtually identical production functions".

Uses data from the 1968-1989 Panel Study of Income Dynamics for a sample of males ages 24-65 (initial N = 514) to investigate the effect of rural-to-urban migration on economic status, comparing the difference between the migrant's observed economic status, up to 6 years after the move, & the estimated economic status that the migrant would have experienced at that time had the move not occurred. Regression analysis indicates that substantial & permanent economic benefits accrue to rural-to-urban migrants that can be explained neither by personal characteristics of the migrants nor by attributes of the regions to & from which they migrate. 6 Tables, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract This article considers changes in poverty rates under the Howard government. We also make three methodological contributions. We consider the statistical significance of the estimated changes in poverty. We propose a decomposition technique that reconciles the trends in absolute and relative poverty. We also use 'poverty profiles', which illustrate sensitivity to alternative poverty lines. We find decreases in absolute poverty and increases in relative poverty, both of which are statistically significant over a range of poverty lines. At a poverty line equal to half of the median income, the increase in relative poverty is statistically significant for all people and borders on significance for children.