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Watch the VIDEO. The open access movement has come a long way since its origins at the end of the 1990s but we still haven't achieved the tipping point to make the open access approach, the normal approach. Why are initiatives such as Plan S needed and why did the World Health Organization feel it necessary to join? This talk will draw on experiences at Wellcome Trust and WHO, implementing the first open access policy for a European Research funder, creating Europe PubMed Central and developing a policy that works for a United Nations agency. Robert will outline why achieving open access requires addressing barriers across political, technical and cultural barriers – with perhaps the culture of research assessment and reward needing the biggest change if we are to truly democratise science so that the people who pay for the research, the taxpayers, can access, read and use the research.

Our study is one of the first attempts to examine the relevance andeffectiveness of enterprise initiatives for young people. The issues raisedin this book concern the attempts of young women and men to establish aworking life for themselves in depressed areas of the United Kingdomand are, we hope, likely to be controversial. Our greatest debt is to thepeople who spared the time to talk to us about their experiences in the'enterprise culture'. We dedicate this book to them and wish them thebest of luck with their risky businesses.This work was made possible by a grant (n. XC05750014) from theEc