The Danger of Dyslexic States: Bureaucratic Quality and the Reception of Signals in International Conflict
In: APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper
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In: APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper
SSRN
Working paper
In: The journal of conflict resolution: journal of the Peace Science Society (International), Volume 66, Issue 2, p. 297–326
ISSN: 1552-8766
Scholars of civil wars have long argued that non-state actors can use selective punishment to reduce collaboration with state adversaries. However, there is little systematic evidence confirming this claim, nor investigation into the mechanisms at play. In this paper, we provide such evidence from the drone war in Pakistan. Militants in Pakistan's tribal areas engaged in a brutal counterespionage campaign with the aim of reducing collaboration with the United States. Our analysis combines a novel dataset of collaborator killings with data on drone strike outcomes. We find that strikes killed half as many militant leaders and fighters following collaborator killings and that this suppressive effect likely works by deterring spying in the future. Beyond providing an empirical confirmation of the selective punishment hypothesis, our paper suggests an unacknowledged vulnerability of the drone program to reprisals against local allies and collaborators that limits its effectiveness as a long-term tool of counterterrorism.
World Affairs Online
In: American political science review, Volume 111, Issue 3, p. 439-459
ISSN: 1537-5943
Does the religious calendar promote or suppress political violence in Islamic societies? This study challenges the presumption that the predominant impact of the Islamic calendar is to increase violence, particularly during Ramadan. This study develops a new theory that predicts systematic suppression of violence on important Islamic holidays, those marked by public days off for dedicated celebration. We argue that militant actors anticipate societal disapproval of violence, predictably inducing restraint on these days. We assess our theory using innovative parallel analysis of multiple datasets and qualitative evidence from Islamic insurgencies in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan from 2004 to 2014. Consistent with our theory, we find that important Islamic holidays witness systematic declines in violence—as much as 41%—and provide evidence that anticipation of societal disapproval is producing these results. Significantly, we find no systematic evidence for surges of violence associated with any Islamic holiday, including Ramadan.
In: American political science review, Volume 111, Issue 3, p. 439-459
ISSN: 0003-0554
World Affairs Online
In: Studies in educational evaluation, Volume 64, p. 100836
ISSN: 0191-491X