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Le chômage BIT et le chômage enregistré: Une étude de case. Le chômage BIT (Bureau international du Travail - ILO en anglais) en Grande-Bretagne est moins sensible aux changements dans le niveau d'emploi que le nombre de chômeurs enregistrés de type keynésien (le "Count of Claimants") qui est focalisé sur les "chefs de ménage" de sexe masculin, tandis que le critère BIT de chercheur d'emploi utilisé dans la "Labour Force Survey" (LFS) saisit en même temps le début de chômage et le désir de trouver un emploi. En Grande-Bretagne, les données des "ILO/LFS Unemployment Series" identifient la plus haute couche d'une armée de réserve de travailleurs de composition changeante mats de taille relativement constante. La réconciliation des statistiques du chômage BIT et du chômage enregistré est nécessaire pour pouvoir comprendre les dynamiques du marché du travail en Grande-Bretagne. Les interdépendances positives et négatives entre chômage BIT et emploi BIT ne sont peut-être pas limitées à la seule Grande-Bretagne.

The paper argues that statistics should be seen as organizational products and that growth in the range and variety of statistics testifies to growth in the power of organizations. The paper emphasises the importance of identifying the functions of statistical systems, and recommends a genealogical approach to help identify the unwitting testimony given by the assumptions and motivations associated with the categorizations and data creation procedures used in the production of statistics. The paper examines the motivations, assumptions, and functions associated with statistical systems involving the Census of Population, the British National Food Survey, economic management, and unemployment. The discussion focuses on the evidence these case studies provide on the role of statistics in society and of the influence of organizational meanings on society.

Information systems are usually seen as reflecting and/or reinforcing a hierarchical structure. But interorganizational nonhierarchical uses indicate that statistics contri bute to coordination through self-management of otherwise independent organizations. Studies of organizations show that statistical information systems contribute in similar ways to the coordination of activities of subunits and individuals within the organization. The paper advocates that statistical information systems should be independent of management and should operate according to an ought-to-know rather than the usual need-to-know principle. Coordination is fostered if each contributing individual or subunit receives statistics relating that individual's or subunit's activities in the context in which such statistics are seen by management.

AbstractIntra-orgartisationally statistics are commonly perceived, both in government and in other organisations, as a tool of management. But the dominant function of statistics is to contribute to inter- and intra-organisational coordination. The value of statistics lies in their use as an instrument of self-management. The paper identifies an unacknowledged degree of participation by users in statistical systems and advocates an ought-to-know principle for the design of such systems. The ought-to-know principle should guide the distribution of statistics within governmental organisations and policy for statistical publication. Contributor and user organisations (e.g. local government and private firms) should play a greater part in deciding what statistics should be collected and how they should be distributed and could well share responsibility for meeting the costs.

Intraorganizationally, statistics are commonly perceived in government & other organizations as a tool of management; but the dominant function of statistics is to contribute to inter- & intraorganizational coordination. The value of statistics lies in their use as an instrument of self-management. An unacknowledged degree of participation by users in statistical systems is identified, & an ought-to-know principle for the design of such systems advocated. ought-to-know principle should guide the distribution of statistics within governmental organizations & the policy for statistical publication. Contributor & user organizations (eg, local government & private firms) should play a greater part in deciding what statistics should be collected & how they should be distributed ; they could share responsibility for meeting the costs. 30 References. HA.

By Latin-American standards, Chile has enjoyed a remarkably stable government. Yet, there have been significant intervals of political unrest marked by violence and internal disorder. At both the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century, Liberals and Conservatives clashed in bloody battles, opening wounds that festered for many years. In the early decades of the twentieth century, the military revolted three times in the space of eight years (1924-1932) in order to promote social reform. Marmaduke Grove Vallejo figured prominently in these events, first as a participant in the January uprising of 1925, later as an opponent of the dictatorship of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, and finally as a leader of the military forces that overthrew the government of Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez and established the Socialist Republic of Chile.