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Viele Archive bewahren Zeugnisse zum Schrecken des Holocaust, die in historische und sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeiten Eingang gefunden haben. Zusätzlich zu Dokumenten, die deskriptiv verfasst wurden mit Blick auf ihre wissenschaftliche Nachnutzung, existieren Zeugnisse, die in literarischer Intention verfasst wurden: Sie haben zum Ziel, Erfahrungen in den Konzentrationslagern nachzuvollziehen, ohne dass notwendig Fakten beschrieben werden. In diesen Arbeiten verschwimmt die Grenze zwischen Geschichte/Wissenschaft und Literatur, denn sie greifen, obwohl sie als literarische Werke konzipiert sind, auf autobiografische Zeugnisse zurück; die Verfasser/innen versuchen, das Grauen der eigenen Erfahrungen zu erklären, indem sie diese fiktionalisieren. Es sind Arbeiten, in die wahre Begebenheiten einfließen, die aber in literarischer Intention erzählt werden, Arbeiten, die sich an ein breites Publikum wenden und teilweise erheblichen Einfluss gewonnen haben. Dies ist der Fall für das Werk von Jorge SEMPRÚN, ein spanischer Autor, der versuchte, die Wahrheit in seiner literarischen Arbeit "zu erfinden". Seine autobiografischen Novellen sind in dem Niemandsland der Autofiktion angesiedelt.

Introducción: Numerosos factores se relacionan con las complicaciones intrahospitalarias en el Infarto Agudo de Miocardio (IMA). La utilidad del segmento ST en aVR como factor pronóstico es polémica actualmente. Objetivo: Evaluar el valor pronóstico a corto plazo de la elevación del segmento ST en aVR en pacientes con IMA. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal, con 112 pacientes con IMA en el Hospital Militar Central: Dr. Carlos J. Finlay en 2 años. Fueron definidos como eventos adversos: Muerte, insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), angina post IMA, arritmias, shock y todos combinados (ECAM). Se crearon grupos, utilizando el ST en aVR y valor de corte < 1 mm y ≥ 1 mm. Resultados: El sexo masculino (60,7%), la hipertensión arterial (87,5%), el tabaquismo (65,2%) y la topografía inferior fueron las características basales prevalentes. El 33,0% presentó ECAM, siendo la ICC (37,8%) y la angina post IMA (19,0%) los más documentados. La ICC se asoció con aVR ≥ 1mm (p= 0,000). El ST en aVR ≥ 1mm constituyó un predictor independiente de ECAM (p=0,048; IC: 3,898-32,908). Conclusiones: En pacientes con IMA, el ST en aVR ≥ 1mm está asociado a peor evolución clínica intrahospitalaria.

This paper presents several experiences obtained in the Rural Research Center of the Solis Valley in relation to community participation programs. The main objective of these projects was to improve the nutritional practices of children in the rural areas of highland Mexico. As first experience, small groups were formed with mothers, fathers, married couples and teenagers. Each of these groups started a project oriented to promote nutritional self-sufficiency. One group of mothers was successful in assuring the provision of government subsidized milk in their community. A second group of mothers started a chicken-raising farm, but the project failed because all the chicken died in an epidemic. The group of fathers started a sheep-raising project as the first step to get a milk-producing cow. The sheep-raising was successful, but when the sheep were sold each man in the group kept the revenue to himself and the group disappeared. The married couples were successful both in a home-Gardening project and in a chicken-raising farm. The teenagers were also successful with their home-gardening project and acted as "injection groups " to spread the project in other communities. As a second experience in community participation, community health workers taught mothers how to use locally available food to improve their diets, preparing culturally acceptable food recipes. This intervention was successful in increasing mother's awareness of a balanced diet. A second intervention combined the presentation of a drama ("peasant's theater") in order to in crease mother's participation in these projects. Evaluation of this strategy showed that mothers increased their knowledge and use of the promoted diets as compared to those communities in which only the local cook recipes were promoted. In conclusion, community participation projects have proved to be successful in improving dietary practices of rural families. ; Se presentan las experiencias que tuvieron lugar en el Centro de Estudios Rurales del Valle de Solís, con ...

BACKGROUND: To date, no epidemiological studies have explored the impact and persistence of in utero exposure to mixtures of xenoestrogens on the developing brain. We aimed to assess whether the cumulative effect of xenoestrogens in the placenta is associated with altered infant neuropsychological functioning at two and at four years of age, and if associations differ among boys and girls. METHODS: Cumulative prenatal exposure to xenoestrogens was quantified in the placenta using the biomarker Total Effective Xenoestrogen Burden (TEXB-alpha) in 489 participants from the INMA (Childhood and the Environment) Project. TEXB-alpha was split in tertiles to test its association with the mental and psychomotor scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) at 1-2 years of age, and with the McCarthy Scales of Children׳s Abilities (MSCA) general cognitive index and motor scale assessed at 4-5 years of age. Interactions with sex were investigated. RESULTS: /nAfter adjustment for potential confounders, no association was observed between TEXB-alpha and mental scores at 1-2 years of age. We found a significant interactions with sex for the association between TEXB-alpha and infant psychomotor development (interaction p-value=0.029). Boys in the third tertile of exposure scored on average 5.2 points less than those in the first tertile on tests of motor development at 1-2 years of age (p-value=0.052), while no associations were observed in girls. However, this association disappeared in children at 4-5 years of age and no association between TEXB-alpha and children׳s cognition was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that boys' early motor development might be more vulnerable to prenatal exposure to mixtures of xenoestrogens, but associations do not persist in preschool children. ; This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health [FIS-PI042018; FIS-PI060867; FIS-PI081151; FIS-PI09/02311; FIS-PI09/02647; FIS-PI11/00610 Council of Innovation, Science and Enterprise (Excellence Project P09-CTS-5488) and Council of Health (SAS PI-0675-2010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Red INMA G03/176 and CB06/02/0041]; the EU Commission (QLK4-1999-01422, QLK4-2002-00603 and CONTAMED FP7-ENV-212502), the Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT [1999SGR 00241]; the Fundació La Marató de TV3 (Grant no. 090430); the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (Grant number 183/07 and 0675/10), the Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa (DFG06/004), the Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093), the University of Oviedo, Obra Social Cajastur, and the Fundación Roger Torné. NV was supported by an FPI Grant from the Spanish Ministry of Health (BES-2009-023933) and a Formación de Personal Investigador Grant for Short Research Stays in Foreign Institutions (BES-2009-023933). The HUSC BioBank, integrated in the Andalusia Public Health System (SSPA) and the National Biobank Network, is financed by the Institute of Health Carlos III, (Project RD09/0076/00148) and the Regional Government of Andalusia