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The Sangam Age between 300 BC to 300 AD is called as the Age of Tamils. The Sangam classics gives many good details and historical synchronisms works like Silappadikaram and Manimekalai reflect the socio-political and cultural life of the people. The Sangam literature contains the much valuable information about the kings and kingdoms. Nachchinarkkiniyar speaks of the four divisions of Tamilaham. Chera, Cholar, Pandya and Tondai Mandalams. But the rulers of the three Mandalams Chera, Chola, Pandya alone were crowned Monarchs.

An analysis of a national sample of Canadian women in the Canadian National Fertility Survey (1984) indicate that attitudes towards cohabitation and marriage are associated with their demographic, socioeconomic and cultural background. Eight attitudinal variables in the survey are used to construct the scales for the attitudes in a confirmatory factor analysis. Women who are in older ages, currently married, living in rural areas, with lower educational attainment, non-Catholic, having a higher frequency of church attendance and a higher desired number of children are found to be more conservative in their attitudes towards cohabitation and marriage. The study also finds that Quebec women tend to be more liberal than non-Quebec women.

SummaryIn Canadian society the influence of first birth timing on the subsequent birth interval has been eroded over time, as shown by the Canadian Fertility Survey of 1984. The influence of first birth timing is significant for second births among women married during the baby boom period, but not for those married thereafter. Religiosity, marital status, and place of residence are significant factors in second birth timing in Canada.

SummaryThis paper examines the patterns of timing of births of women using data from the Canadian Fertility Survey of 1984. Semi-Markovian schemes are applied to the maternity histories of the 5315 sample women in their reproductive ages in order to measure the intensity and timing of childbearing. Age-and-duration-specific transition probabilities are found to have substantially changed for the more recent birth cohorts compared to the older cohorts.