In: International political science review: the journal of the International Political Science Association (IPSA) = Revue internationale de science politique, Volume 2, Issue 3, p. 271-282
The concept of civil-military relations in the Western countries has essentially evolved out of secularism and the separation of the civilian component from the military component of government, with the former acting as controllers and the latter as the subordinate professionals. In Islam, even the concept of separation has no place, since there is no background of secularism and no distinction between the military functionaries and civilian functionaries. An overwhelming majority of Muslim states consequently are military-ruled or military-dominated. The only ideology that seems to be popular and effective in Islamic countries is the Islamic ideology which, if anything, tends to be pro- military and excludes alternate ideologies from gaining ground. Thus, the trend of Islamic polities indicates a permanence of the past patterns of military domination and Islamic ideological support for military governments.
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Volume 8, Issue 7-8, p. 563-575
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Volume 8, Issue 7 -- 8, p. 563-575