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The question has often been explored as to whether the order in which possible answers to attitude questions are presented affects responses. Data from a study by F. M. Carp ("Position Effects on Interview Responses," Journal of Gerontology, 1974, 29, 581-587) are reanalyzed, showing that the order effects found were not of substantive significance. Data from a survey of 1,332 Ms, ages sixty & older, living in Iowa, who were sent a questionnaire having two forms with differing order of response options on selected questions, showed no substantive differences in responses on either single-item indicators or scales. This suggests that continued attention to serial order preference in surveys is not needed. 2 Tables. Modified HA.

Three hundred fifty‐three registered nurses were asked their perceptions of the economic need for continued employment, the "threat" to the husband if her salary was greater than his, and the husband's view of the need for his wife's employment. Most did not feel their husbands would be threatened if their wives had a greater income. Respondents generally saw a greater economic need than they felt their husbands did. A comparison is made between the perceptions of our sample and what other research indicated are the perceptions of men.

Mode of access: Internet. ; Military Service Inst. ; With author's autograph.

Abstract Relatively little attention has been given to the kin ties of rural older adults. To partially fill this gap in knowledge, kin selection theory was used as a conceptual framework to explore two questions on the extent rural older adults expect and receive assistance from the range of affinal and consanquineal kin and the factors that best explain the current level of support provided by each of the kin types in the family system. Analysis was based on interviews conducted in 1985–1986 with 368 rural older adults in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Expectations of kin assistance were much higher than the actual level of support that was provided. Both expected and actual levels of assistance declined as the level of consanguineous kin and associated affinal ties decreased. The level of support provided by kin groups was mainly a function of geographic distance to kin and norms of obligation.

Alcohol prohibition continues to be a policy pursued by more than 10 percent of the counties in the United States. However, many questions exist about the effectiveness of prohibition policies for controlling social maladies such as accidents and fatal injuries related to driving under the influence (DUI). In this research, a situational crime prevention framework is used to evaluate the hypothetical relationship between countywide alcohol prohibition and incidents of DUI. We focus specifically on county‐level comparisons of DUI arrests in Arkansas where slightly more than half of the counties are "dry" (sale of alcohol to the general public is prohibited). Utilizing police reports of DUI arrests we examine whether the dry county distinction is indeed associated with fewer DUI arrests than found in wet counties. Findings indicate that the dry county distinction does not result in significantly lower rates of DUI arrest when law enforcement variables are considered. These findings are analyzed and implications for future research are discussed.

Abstract
Recruitment and retention are two of the greatest challenges for police agencies, community members, and leaders. Recently, agencies have faced shallow applicant pools and significant declines in retention longevity. Concerns over excessive force, especially fatal incidents in minority communities, have fostered anti-police sentiment, reduced the prestige of police work, and elevated negative perceptions of risk in policing careers. These factors contribute to recruitment and retention woes, especially in women, who often harbour reservations about pursuing careers in a male-dominated work environment. Using data collected from a series of six single-sex focus groups, this study assesses the challenges faced in recruitment of college educated females and their attitudes toward policing as a profession. Findings reveal support for theories of person-vocation fit as primary motivations and barriers to careers in policing for women. Respondent concerns centre around personal interest, family and media pressures, and perceptions about the nature of police work.