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Patriarchal dominance in our Western society has oppressed not only women but it has also isolated many men who did not comply with hegemonic masculinity patterns. The aim of this study is to know and analyse the experiences of a group of boys who practise rhythmic gymnastics, traditionally linked to the feminine reality. Within this interpretative paradigm, eight interviews has been done to gymnasts (8-19 years old), who practise rhythmic gymnastics in a competitive or amateur level. The boys express the familiar support that they have had when deciding to practise a traditionally feminine sport. However, many gymnasts have been insulted or mocked by other boys. Therefore, it is important to work with families in order to eliminate stereotypes and prejudices in this masculine discipline in the future. Similarly, rhythmic gymnastics must be promoted among boys, since a higher presence of boys in clubs would ease their reception among girls.

Summary
This article presents the development and current situation of the sociology of sport in Spain. It begins with a brief description of its origins and development as an academic field, which can be divided into three stages: birth, growth, and consolidation and internationalization. It then describes the theoretical and methodological traditions as well as the predominant topics (including the most representative research) in the social scientific studies on physical activity conducted so far in Spain. The main topics have been sports in society, sports controversies, the social sports structure, sports identities and spaces for practicing sports, organization, management, and the job market. The article concludes with an analysis of the possible future challenges for the sociology of sport in Spain and the role that the journal Sociología del Deporte (Sociology of Sport) can play in view of these challenges.

España ha vivido en los últimos años un avance legislativo con respecto a la defensa de igualdades entre hombres y mujeres. La escuela tiene la obligación de educar a su alumnado con una visión crítica de la sociedad androcéntrica que se vive en el país. A nivel legal, heterosexualidad y homosexualidad son orientaciones sexuales que en España han alcanzado la plena igualdad. Sin embargo, esta diversidad sexual que tanto las leyes como la mayor parte de la sociedad española asumen sin mayor problema, no encuentra un desarrollo paralelo en el Sistema Educativo español. Con este estudio se persigue conocer las percepciones de la juventud con respecto a la homofobia y el heterosexismo en las clases de Educación Física. La investigación se lleva a cabo con la participación de 245 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla, que respondieron a un cuestionario referente a conductas heterosexistas y homofóbicas percibidas durante el periodo de Educación Secundaria. Los resultados de este trabajo ponen de manifiesto la generalización de conductas heterosexistas, así como el alto porcentaje de estudiantes que han sido testigos o han experimentado en primera persona comportamientos homófobos. Además, se constata una falta de concienciación al respecto entre el profesorado de Educación Física. Como consecuencia de ello se apunta la necesidad de formar y sensibilizar al profesorado de Educación Física dotándolo de estrategias de actuación adecuadas para ello, así como seguir incidiendo en el estudio y producción de conocimiento sobre el heterosexismo y la homofobia en el ámbito de la Educación Física. ; Spain has seen in recent years a legislative progress regarding the defence of gender equalities. Schools have the obligation to educate their students with a critical view of androcentric society that exists in the country. At the legal level, heterosexuality and homosexuality are sexual orientations in Spain that have reached full equality. However, this sexual diversity, which both laws and most of Spanish society assume with no problems, doesn't find a parallel development in the Spanish educational system. This study aims to understand the perceptions of youth regarding homophobia and heterosexism in Physical Education classes. The research was carried out with the participation of 245 students from the Faculty of Educational Sciences at the University of Seville. The participants responded to a questionnaire concerning heterosexist and homophobic behaviours perceived during their secondary education. The results show the generalization of heterosexist behaviours, as well as the high percentage of students who have witnessed or experienced firsthand homophobic behaviours. Furthermore, we see a lack of awareness in that sense among Physical Education teachers. Consequently, we highlight the need to educate and to sensitize the Physical Education teacher providing them with appropriate intervention strategies, and fostering the knowledge about heterosexism and homophobia in the field of Physical Education. ; Grupo FORCE (HUM-386). Departamento de Didáctica y Organización Escolar de la Universidad de Granada.

AbstractSexual diversity in the world of sport has not been widely researched in the Spanish context. Studies on national and international sexual diversity tend to leave out transgender issues and intersexuality. The new framework of action of the International Olympic Committee in 2021 advocates for integration and non-discrimination based on gender identity and sex variations in sport. We analyzed attitudes toward sexual diversity in sport among a sample of PASS university students using the Scale of Attitudes Toward Sexual Diversity Among Athletes and the statistical package R. Each item was subjected to frequency analysis and the results were displayed in contingency tables. The sample comprised 610 students from three Spanish universities (68.85% male and 31.15% female, with a mean age of 21.72 years; SD = 4.12). Of the four factors analyzed, the lowest levels of rejection were Cognitive Attitudes (96.72%) and Attitudes Toward Transgression (86.89%). One of the most important variables was gender, with women showing greater tolerance toward sexual diversity in sport than men.