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Desde que en el año 2000 se registró una cotización media de 25 céntimos de € para el litro del gasoil para la flota pesquera, la situación fue cambiando hasta que en el verano de 2008 se alcanzó un máximo histórico de 75 céntimos, lo que obligó al amarre de muchas unidades de producción por la falta de rentabilidad de la actividad extractiva, medida auspiciada por la Unión Europea. El precio del pescado en primera venta, establecido mediante subasta a la baja, determina finalmente si una marea es o no rentable. Pero la evolución de este precio ha sido muy variable en los últimos años, con fuertes caídas propiciadas en muchos casos por el descenso del consumo y la entrada de grandes cantidades de pescado de importación. Esta situación agudiza la permanente crisis de la flota pesquera gallega, profundamente afectada por la progresiva regulación del acceso a los caladeros tradicionales, y obligada a faenar cada vez con mayor frecuencia en caladeros lejanos, con el consiguiente aumento de la importancia del combustible en la cuenta final de los costes de explotación. En los últimos años se han puesto en marcha proyectos de investigación para tratar de conseguir buques más eficientes en consumo de gasoil, y acciones experimentales centradas en el empleo de combustibles alternativos, pero no ha habido avances relevantes a la hora de obtener el «pesquero eficiente». ; Since the year 2000, when the average price was 25 Euro cent per litre of diesel fuel used by the fishing fleet, there was an overall upwards trend that culminated in the summer of 2008 when prices reached an all-time peak of 75 Euro cents per litre. This forced many vessels to tie up in port due to the lack of profitability of fishing operations, a measure that received the backing of the European Union. What finally determines whether a fishing expedition is profitable or not is the first sale price of the fish landed, established by the Dutch auction system. This price, however, has fluctuated greatly in recent years, with steep falls in many cases being the consequence of a drop in consumption and the arrival of large amounts of imported fish in the market. This situation has aggravated the permanent crisis affecting the Galician fishing fleet, hard hit by the progressive regulation of access to its traditional fishing grounds and forced to go further and further afield in search of catches, with the resulting rise in the importance of fuel as a factor in overall operating costs, and its effect on profitability. Research projects in recent years have focused on trying to make fishing vessels more efficient in terms of diesel consumption, and a number experiments have also been carried out into the use of alternative fuels, but no significant progress has yet been made towards obtaining an «efficient fishing vessel».

The functional diversification of coastal fishing communities has been a central objective of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) since the early stages of its implementation. A large part of the initiatives financed throughout Europe have been linked to the creation of synergies between the fishing sector and tourism. This paper analyses the opportunities for the development of fishing tourism at the regional level, considering the investments of European and regional funds on the development of fishing tourism in Galicia. Special attention is given to the incorporation of the territorial perspective and Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) for the sustainable development of fishing areas. The results show limitations of this form of tourism in terms of employment and income, especially those developed by fishermen, despite the significant support of the regional government for this activity. This situation allows a critical reflection on the opportunity to convert fishermen into tourist guides, based on the need to diversify the economy and income of fishing communities ; SI

Fishing resources, as well as fishing activities and policies, are in a state of permanent change, therefore transforming the living and working conditions of coastal and fishing populations. The gender perspective is relevant to understand the challenges faced by men and women in the fishing sector. Galicia (Spain) is one of the main fishing regions in the EU and with the largest number of women working in the fishing sector, especially in shellfishing on foot. Shellfishing on foot, an artisanal and traditional activity for the cultivation and extraction of mainly bivalve molluscs, represents 7% of gross value added (GVA) and 17% of the employment of the Galician fishing sector as a whole. Since the 1960s, a process of regulation and modernization of shellfishing on foot—more than 95% of which is carried out by women—has led to a sharp decrease in the number of shellfish gatherers. The regulatory processes and the professionalization of the sector have resulted in a strong decline in female employment, but, at the same time, women feel empowered and regard their jobs as dignified work. Our objective—through the analysis of the local permits granted to carry out this activity—focuses on the study of the consolidation of this process and has tried to highlight the ways in which patriarchy perpetuates the hegemonic position of men evidenced, for example, by a progressive masculinization of this activity with increasing economic profitability and social prestige ; SI

At the beginning of the 1990s, one of the main architectural megaprojects in Spain took shape: the City of Culture, in Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Promoted and approved by the then president of the Galician government, Manuel Fraga, the main objective was to decongest the historic centre of Santiago de Compostela, the final destination of the Way of St. James and a World Heritage Site. Since then, it has been at the centre of numerous criticisms, among them many authors have denounced a "lack of planning", since its peripheral location has been a problem towards achieving its initial objective. This proposal aims to analyse and reconstruct the evolution of uses and the urban imagery associated with the City of Culture, two aspects that have had to be modified in order for this space to survive in time. At the methodological level, planning documents have been reviewed and interviews were conducted in order to verify the political efforts. A comienzos de los años 1990 tomaba forma uno de los principales megaproyectos arquitectónicos de España: la Ciudad de la Cultura, en Santiago de Compostela (España). Promovido y aprobado por el entonces presidente del gobierno de Galicia, Manuel Fraga, el objetivo principal era descongestionar el casco histórico compostelano, meta del Camino de Santiago y Patrimonio de la Humanidad. Desde entonces, ha centralizado numerosas críticas, entre ellas no pocos autores han denunciado una "falta de planificación", pues su posición periférica ha sido un problema para lograr su objetivo inicial. Esta propuesta pretende analizar y reconstruir la evolución de los usos y del imaginario urbano asociado a la Ciudad de la Cultura, dos aspectos que han tenido que modificar para que este espacio sobreviviese en el tiempo. A nivel metodológico, se revisan los documentos de planificación y se realizan entrevistas para verificar los esfuerzos políticos.

AbstractThe incorporation of territorial development into the Common Fisheries Policy has allowed for the decentralised and participatory management of part of its funds. In fact, the criteria for sustainable development in fishing zones follow the guidelines of Community‐Led Local Development. This work critically examines the implementation process of Axis 4 of the European Fisheries Fund in two areas of the Iberian Peninsula's Atlantic coast as case studies, looking into the creation of Fishery Local Action Groups and the analysis of the planning and execution phases of the funds. The results show, on the one hand, the limited development of this approach and the doubts about the effectiveness of area‐based partnerships as tools for local development, and on the other, the benefits for the revitalisation of the fishing sector, especially in the long term.

El desempleo es un grave problema que afecta a todos los Estados miembros de la UE, entre los que destaca España. Para darle respuesta, desde mediados de la década de 1990 se han implementado una serie de iniciativas destinadas a mejorar y aumentar el volumen de puestos de trabajo. Entre las mismas se encuentran los Pactos Territoriales por el Empleo. Como comprobaremos, se trata de una política de cooperación territorial en la que participan las administraciones públicas (desde la escala europea a la municipal), entidades privadas y agentes locales. La pretensión de este artículo es dar a conocer el origen, los criterios y las características de estos Pactos Territoriales a favor del Empleo desarrollados en España. ; The rate of unemployment is a serious problem that affects all the members of the EU, between whom Spain stands out. By what from middle of the decade of 1990 a series of initiatives were created to improve and to increase the volume of employment: The Territorial Agreements for in Employment. Since we will verify it is a question of a politics of territorial cooperation in that there take part the public administrations (from the European scale to place), private administrations and local agents. The pretension of this article is to know the origin, criteria and characteristics of these Territorial Agreements in favour of the Employment developed in Spain. ; Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación «Estrategias de Cooperación y Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible en Galicia», del Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2000-2003, Programa Nacional de Promoción General del Conocimiento, del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, y cofinanciado por el FEDER. Referencia BSO2002-04233-C10-03 ; SI