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Most randomized clinical trials of polyphenols focus on individual foods. Nevertheless, due to their presence in many foods and in order to reflect a real situation, clinical trials based on polyphenol-rich diets are particularly important. This systematic review explores the characteristics of the polyphenol-rich diets used in intervention studies. The bibliography search for English-language scientific papers was performed in the Elsevier Scopus Database and PUBMED in March 2020, and focused on intervention studies with whole polyphenol-rich diets, establishing several exclusion criteria. In studies fulfilling the requirements, information on the design of the polyphenol-rich diet and associated polyphenol intake was extracted and compared. A total of 5 studies were selected. Among them, substantial differences were found in the design of the polyphenol-rich diets, regarding specific instructions and concerning the foods provided. Similarly, although a median daily polyphenol intake of 2,564 mg/day (17,945 mg/week) was obtained from the studies, which corresponds to a nutritional dose, intake values varied widely both for total polyphenols (the difference between studies reached threefold), and for individual polyphenol intake (for hydroxycinnamic acids, a tenfold difference was found between percentile 25 and percentile 75 values). These differences made the comparison of results difficult and may affected the observed health effects. Thus, despite the relevance of studying polyphenol-rich diets as a whole, this systematic review found substantial differences between the studies performed, making direct comparisons difficult. ; Miss Christina Gazi was the recipient of an Erasmus+grant, a programme from the European Union. ; Peer reviewed

Trabajo presentado al 63rd International Congress of Meat Science and Technology celebrado en Cork (Irlanda) del 14 al 18 de agosto de 2017. ; Polyphenols are increasingly used in animal feeding in order to delay the lipid oxidation of meat and, eventually, increase the deposition of beneficial compounds for the consumer. Interestingly, the biological activities of polyphenols go beyond their widely known antioxidant capacity, being able to modify several physiological pathways. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grazing on sainfoin or alfalfa – legumes rich in polyphenols but with different amount of proanthocyanidins – during lactation in the metabolite profile of lambs' muscle, by using HPLC-ESI-QTOF MS analysis. Thirteen metabolites were modified in the polar fraction of muscle in Sainfoin lambs, as compared with Alfalfa lambs (P<0.05). Among them, 6 were related to fat metabolic fate (biliary acids, fatty acids, etc.), showing the wide variety of processed affected by polyphenols. Further studies should evaluate the effect of these strategies on the whole metabolome of lamb muscle, in particular considering their health implications. ; This study was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the European Union Regional Development Funds (INIA RTA2012-080-00 and INIA RZP2013-00001-00) and the Research Group Funds of the Aragon Government (A49). J.P-J. thanks funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2014-55102-JIN). The contracts of P.J.R and M.B. are supported by INIA and INIA-ESF, respectively. ; Peer Reviewed

8 páginas, 3 tablas.-- Eunice Molinar Toribio . et al.-- This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ; SHROB rats have been suggested as a model for metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a situation prior to the onset of CVD or type-2 diabetes, but information on descriptive biochemical parameters for this model is limited. Here, we extensively evaluate parameters related to CVD and oxidative stress (OS) in SHROB rats. SHROB rats were monitored for 15 weeks and compared to a control group of Wistar rats. Body weight was recorded weekly. At the end of the study, parameters related to CVD and OS were evaluated in plasma, urine and different organs. SHROB rats presented statistically significant differences from Wistar rats in CVD risk factors: total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apoA1, apoB100, abdominal fat, insulin, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, ICAM-1 and PAI-1. In adipose tissue, liver and brain, the endogenous antioxidant systems were activated, yet there was no significant oxidative damage to lipids (MDA) or proteins (carbonylation). We conclude that SHROB rats present significant alterations in parameters related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, thrombotic activity, insulin resistance and OS measured in plasma as well as enhanced redox defence systems in vital organs that will be useful as markers of MetS and CVD for nutrition interventions. ; This research was supported by the Spanish Ministries of Science and Innovation and of Economy and Competitiveness (Grants AGL2009-12374-C03-01, -02 and -03; AGL2013-49079-C2-1,2-R; respectively) and in part by the Generalitat de Catalunya regional authorities (2009SGR-1308). M.C. acknowledges ETHERPATHS (FP7-KBBE-222639) funded by the European Union and "ICREA Academia" award for excellence in research, funded by the ICREA Foundation of the Generalitat de Catalunya. The Panamanian Government (SENACYT/IFRHU) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation awarded graduate fellowships to E.M.-T. and L.M., respectively. The ISCIII and the Xunta de Galicia are also acknowledged for "Sara Borrell" and "Isidro Parga Pondal" postdoctoral contracts to J.P.-J. (CD09/00068) and M.P., respectively. ; Peer reviewed

[Purpose]: Polyphenol metabolites are key mediators of the biological activities of polyphenols. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet on the metabolism of proanthocyanidins from grape seed extract (GSE). [Methods]: Adult female Wistar–Kyoto rats were fed a standard (STD) or HFHS diet supplemented or not with GSE for 16 weeks. PA metabolites were determined by targeted HPLC–MS/MS analysis. [Results]: A lower concentration of total microbial-derived PA metabolites was present in urine and the aqueous fraction of faeces in the HFHS + GSE group than in the STD + GSE group. In contrast, a tendency towards the formation of conjugated (epi)catechin metabolites in the HFHS + GSE group was observed. [Conclusions]: These results show that a HFHS diet significantly modifies PA metabolism, probably via: (1) a shift in microbial communities not counteracted by the polyphenols themselves; and (2) an up-regulation of hepatic enzymes. ; This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grants: AGL2009-12374-C03-01, -02 and -03; and AGL2013-49079-C2-1, 2 and -R, and through a doctoral fellowship to L.M.). The Panamanian Government (SENACYT/IFARHU) awarded a graduate fellowship to E.M.-T. The ISCIII is acknowledged for a "Sara Borrell" postdoctoral contract to J.P.-J. (CD09/00068). ; Peer Reviewed

The recent interest in diversification in food consumption and the current salinization and desertification processes of farmland have placed the focus on halophytic plants as new food, making necessary the characterization of their biochemical composition and the identification of possible bioactive compounds. In this work, three edible halophytic plants were characterized: common iceplant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum), and seaside arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima). The plants studied were a good source of minerals. Sea fennel showed high contents of dietary fibre and calcium (8.5 ppm, wet weight), common iceplant had a high potassium content (6500 ppm, wet weight), while seaside arrowgrass presented high levels of iron (62 ppm, wet weight). The glucose content of the three species was below 30 mg/g per dried weight. The Sb, Pb, Cr, As, Cd, and Hg content was negligible. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly α-linolenic and linoleic acid, prevailed in the three species analyzed. Hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids predominated in common iceplant and sea fennel. Glycosylated flavones, especially isoorientin, prevailed in seaside arrowgrass. These plants present a relevant nutritional profile for which their use as foods or ingredients should be promoted. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness project under Grant (number AGL2014-52825-R) and cofounded with European Union ERDF funds (European Regional Development Fund). Author Sánchez-Faure was also funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (fellowship number BES-2015-074420). ; Peer reviewed