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A rubric is used for assessing student work and performance. It is a tool that works in various ways to develop student learning and has great possibilities. The study presented aims to investigate the rubric development of second language learners' argumentative writing. The study's significance is to explore how well the rubric assesses students' achievement of the skills needed to develop argumentative essays. This study will add to the literature more data regarding rubrics' effectiveness in providing constructive feedback to students. This research describes the results of the current study in relation to rubric feedback from undergraduate students and the faculty who teach them from a private university in Saudi Arabia. The use of the rubric would be to support instruction and student performance. The researchers have proposed a methodology to design, develop, and implement a rubric as a scoring guide for argumentative essays based upon the achievement of learning outcomes for this genre. The rubric was developed to evaluate the following criterion: organization, integrating academic sources, thesis statement, finding evidence/lack of evidence, writing refutation paragraph, writing counterclaims, content, academic tone, mechanic, and vocabulary. The researchers statistically found significant interrater reliability and convergent validity coefficients. The results are considered to encourage the evaluation and development of such rubrics to be used across universities and colleges.

Using technology in language learning can develop practices for students through experiential learning, enhance student achievement, motivate students to learn more, encourage greater interaction between teachers and students and students and peers, increase authentic materials for study, escape from a single source of information, enlarge global understanding, and emphasize individual needs. The purpose of the study was to measure the perspectives of teachers regarding computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and create a better understanding of CALL. The study had 186 participants (114 female and 72 male), all of whom were K-12 teachers in the United States. The first phase of the study used exploratory factor analysis to reveal the underlying structure of a relatively large set of variables. The second phase of the study used descriptive analysis to measure perspectives and attitudes towards CALL. The results of the study highlighted that teachers have affirmative perspectives and attitudes for using technology in their classrooms. Teachers considered computer technology as a useful teaching tool that can improve ways of teaching by expanding the learning experiences of students in real and authentic contexts and offering them a variety of language inputs.

Argumentative writing is a mode of academic writing and a common writing genre that college-level students use at universities. The purpose of the study is to investigate common difficulties that affect the second language learners' argumentative wiring. The significance of the study is to explore the struggles that culturally and linguistically Saudi backgrounded students face in writing argumentative essays to provide insights that could be used to improve instruction and student performance. The researchers examined 187 Saudi students' (100 male and 87 female) argumentative writings to explore the frequency of the common difficulties students might encounter with writing argumentative essays. The second phase of the study included independent-samples t-test to statistically compare differences between male and female students' difficulties in writing an argumentative essay. Anticipated results of the study lent to the improvement of the writing courses. The findings of the study statistically revealed the common difficulties of writing argumentative essays: organization/structure, thesis statement, integrating academic sources, finding evidence, writing counterclaims, writing refutation paragraph, academic tone, and content and development. The instructors of argumentative writing courses (or closely related courses) may accordingly want to change the structure of the course design, teaching strategies, and course materials to develop their courses efficiently.

The main target of the study is to examinethe bilingual education program in the Basque Country, and identify whether or not their bilingual education can be implemented in Turkey. In thisresearch study, we used a qualitative method including data collection through an open-ended survey and interview that illustrates the issues surrounding bilingual education in the Basque region. The survey and interviewencompassed30 participants from K-12 teachers and the scholars in the Basque Country. The participants' answers from both survey and interviewwere gathered and analyzed. The researcher coded emergent themes in the survey and interview. According to results, the Basque region over the last decade has established a bilingual education model, which offers multiple options for the linguistic study of the Basque language, and this model is still a reputable ongoing bilingual education system. Since Turkey and Spain historically and politically have many similarities, the Basque bilingual model can be implemented in Turkey as well.

The purpose of this study was to gather data from public school parents that would contribute to the understanding of parental involvement with school choice for their children and of parental involvement with educational organizations. We employed a case study approach as the methodological basis for eliciting 22 multi-racial parents perceptions' about school climate and their child's school choice. Our comprehensive in-depth semi-structured interviews, field notes, observations, and documents data collection process incorporated feedback from potential respondents from the outset of the design process to enhance data quality. Verbatim transcripts and documents were analyzed using a content and thematic analysis approach. Four over-arching themes were identified; (i) factors that parents value in schools, (ii) concerns about other school choices, (iii) the features and programs that appeal to parents, and (iv) parental perceptions of the chosen school. The findings of this study revealed that parents choose schools for their children for the following reasons. The children were better served, the programs and features offered by schools appealed to most participants, the schools had strong academic programs, a proper school climate and culture were present, the setting embraced diversity and multicultural atmospheres, a safe and secure place was present, and instruction was focused on a small and caring environment.