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Health Policy in a Time of Crisis- Front Cover -- Health Policy in a Time of Crisis -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Figure -- Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: People, Policy, and Practice -- Research Site Selection -- The Granting of Abortion "Rights" vs. a Grassroots Demand for Bodily Autonomy -- Abortion Access, Safety, and Legality -- The Catalan Push for Full Independence -- Abortion Law Reforms and Abortion in Spanish Health Systems -- Immigrant Women, Abortion, and Health System Cuts -- Institution-based Participatory Research -- Positionality -- Access to Sites -- Methods -- Women Who Sought Abortion Care at the Today Clinic -- Structural Factors and Critical Medical Anthropology -- "Tell Me Everything …" -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Catalunya, Crisis, and Cuts -- La Crisis, Threats to Abortion Legality, and Popular Responses -- Austerity and the Health System -- Abortion Law Reforms -- Immigrant Women and Abortion in Catalunya -- Shifting Politics and Identities: Threats to the Abortion Reforms, Cuts, and Independentism -- Notes -- Chapter 3: Uneasy Collaboration -- Global Variations in Abortion Accessibility and Safety as a Function of Legality -- Abortion Access in Publicly Funded Health Systems -- An Uneasy Relationship Between a Public System and Contracted Providers -- Women's Experiences with Health System Coverage of Abortion -- Immigrants and Public Health System Coverage of Abortion -- Observations from Inside the Clinic -- Implications of CatSalut Restructuring of Clinic Quotas -- Notes -- Chapter 4: Las Dones (The Women) -- Travel, Time Off, and Childcare Obstacles -- Women's Perceptions of Specific Obstacles -- Emergence of the "Superwoman" Theme -- Differences in Perceptions of Obstacles Between Immigrant and Catalan Women -- Rural Women.

Syndemics play a substantial role in shaping the disease burdens of populations, especially in times of war. It is estimated that in the 20th century, sixty‐two million civilians suffered war‐related deaths, in addition to forty‐five million combatant deaths. Many of these casualties were due to disease rather than battlefield injuries. Through a review and analysis of interdisciplinary literature on war and health, and using case studies of several wars from different periods of history, we argue that war is a disruptive biosocial process that sets in motion interactions between diseases and other conditions that increase war‐related morbidity and mortality.

1.The Role of Drug User Stigmatization in the Making of Drug-Related Syndemics /James Ziegler --2.Perception and Discrimination: The Biomedical Foundations of a Syndemic of Substance Abuse, Violence, and Suicide Among Aboriginal People in Ontario, Canada /Gerald McKinley --3.Disordered Minds and Disordered Bodies: Stigma, Depression, and Obesity Syndemic in Puerto Rico /Shir Lerman --4.Obesity, Depression, and Weight-Related Stigma Syndemics /Seung Yong Han --5.The PHAMILIS Stigma Syndemic Among Homeless Women /Merrill Singer --6.Dangerous Bodies, Unpredictable Minds: HIV/AIDS, Mental Disorders, and Stigma Syndemics in Western Kenya /Kara Wools-Kaloustian --7.Biomedical Moralities: HIV Community Stigma and Risks for HIV/STI Syndemics /Nicholas Emard --8.Methamphetamine Addiction, HIV Infection, and Gay Men: Stigma and Suffering /Theodore K. Gideonse.

Abortion complication syndemics : structural stigma, pathologized pregnancies, and health consequences of constrained care / by Bayla Ostrach & Roula AbiSamra -- The syndemic of endometriosis, stress and stigma / by Véronique A.S. Griffith -- Pathologized bodies, embodied stress, and deleterious birth outcomes : iatrogenic effects of teen pregnancy stigma / by Courtney L. Everson & Bayla Ostrach -- The multiple stigmas of the PDI syndemic : poverty, "racial"/ethnic discrimination, incarceration, and reproductive and familial risk / by Erickson -- Sickness in the detention system : syndemics of mental distress, malnutrition, and immigration stigma in the United States / by Carney -- Stigma syndemic among people with intellectual disability who have been incarcerated / by Claudio... [et al.] -- Stigma as a driving force in the basic causes of malnutrition-related syndemics in Guatemala / by Elaine M. Bennett -- "Toothless maw-maw can't eat no more" : stigma and synergies of dental disease, diabetes, and psychosocial stress among low-income rural Appalachians / by Raskin

Use of the syndemics concept has diffused from medical anthropology to an array of health‐related disciplines. This development reflects a growing awareness that diseases and disease sufferers do not exist in a vacuum and that many of the most damaging human epidemics are the possible or probable consequence, not of a single disease acting alone but of several diseases acting in tandem. Syndemics offer a useful conceptual framework for the study of global health inequality. As work guided by a syndemics perspective is conducted on a range of diseases and in diverse regions of the world, the practical health implications of this approach are beginning to unfold.

In this review, we trace the origins and dissemination of syndemics, a concept developed within critical medical anthropology that rapidly diffused to other fields. The goal is to provide a review of the literature, with a focus on key debates. After a brief discussion of the nature and significance of syndemic theory and its applications, we trace the history and development of the syndemic framework within anthropology and the contributions of anthropologists who use it. We also look beyond anthropology to the adoption and use of syndemics in other health-related disciplines, including biomedicine, nursing, public health, and psychology, and discuss controversies in syndemics, particularly the perception that existing syndemics research focuses on methodologies at the individual level rather than at the population level and fails to provide evidence of synergistic interactions. Finally, we discuss emerging syndemics research on COVID-19 and provide an overview of the application of syndemics research.