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Investigador titular B de tiempo completo en el Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, licenciado en derecho, maestro en sociología del trabajo y en historia, doctor en derecho.<br /> Investigador nacional nivel 1 del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. Coordinador, autor y responsable desde 1994 de proyectos financiados por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, DGAPA (PAPIIT) y AFL-CIO. Profesor del doctorado y de la maestría en la Facultad de Derecho de la UNAM, profesor de la maestría en sociología del trabajo de la UAM-I, profesor de la maestría de relaciones industriales de la Universidad de Aguascalientes. Autor de diversos libros, artículos y ensayos sobre temas del trabajo, publicados en diversas editoriales (UNAM, Nuestro Tiempo, El Caballito y otras) en México y reproducidos en el extranjero (Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Italia, España, Bolivia).

Reseña de la obra Wotling, Patrick, «Oui, l'homme fut un essai»: La philosophie de l'avenir selon Nietzsche, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2016

The invaluable help of the new procedures for cardiology research has allowed us to better study the various cardiac abnormalities . These plays an important role intracardiac catheterization, which allows us to determine data such as blood gases and pressure curves ; the cineangiocardiografía can detect small abnormalities that escape even the intracardiac catheterization and the boom that has nowadays cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Thus we have , reviewing studies in past decades especially in regard to congenital heart disease and pulmonary stenosis including concepts and found Pure percentages have varied. Since Morgagni in 1791 , he described the first case of pulmonary valve stenosis , to Abbot ( 9 cases) , Brock and Campbell ( 18 cases) Abrahams and Wood ( 26 cases ) Kirklin et al. ( 100 cases ) and others, we come to 1961 when Sherf exhaustive study takes the form of this anomaly with the aid of angiocardiography . Therefore we can see that isolated pulmonary stenosis is not of exceptional rarity (63 ) as initially thought . As it has been refined auxiliary diagnostic methods has been demonstrated that it is more frequent ; ranking third or fourth among congenital heart disease . The purpose of this study is to report the study of 22 cases of pulmonary stenosis Pura, who were seen in the cardiology department of the Central Military Hospital between 1960-1964 . ; La ayuda invalorable de los nuevos procedimientos de investigación cardiológica nos ha permitido realizar un mejor estudio de las diferentes anomalías cardíacas. Entre ellos juega un papel importante el cateterismo intracardíaco, el que nos permite determinar datos tales como la gasometría y las curvas de presiones; la cineangiocardiografía puede detectar pequeñas anomalías que escapan incluso al cateterismo intracardíaco y el gran auge que tiene en nuestros días la cirugía cardíaca por medio de la circulación extracorpórea. Así, tenemos que, revisando los estudios realizados en décadas pasadas sobre todo en lo que se refiere a cardiopatías congénitas y entre ellas la Estenosis Pulmonar Pura encontramos conceptos y porcentajes que han variado. Desde Morgagni en 1791, que describió el primer caso de estenosis pulmonar valvular, pasando por Abbot (9 casos), Brock y Campbell (18 casos) Abrahams y Wood (26 casos) Kírklín y col. (100 casos) y otros, llegamos a 1961 en que Sherf realiza un estudio en forma exhaustiva de esta anomalía con la ayuda de la angiocardiografía. Por lo anterior se puede apreciar que la estenosis pulmonar aislada no es de excepcional rareza (63) como se pensó en un principio. Conforme se ha ido perfeccionando los métodos de diagnóstico auxiliares se ha podido demostrar que más bien es frecuente; ocupando el tercer o cuarto lugar entre las cardiopatías congénitas. El propósito del presente trabajo es relatar el estudio de 22 casos de Estenosis Pulmonar Pura, que fueron vistos, en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital Militar Central entre los años 1960-1964.

[spa] El presente documento analiza la percepción de los/las estudiantes de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca en Ecuador sobre un conjunto de factores asociados al concepto de ciudadanía digital. Estudio de corte cuantitativo mediante la aplicación de instrumento con 47 indicadores evaluados a través de una escala de Likert, contrastado con un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (MEE) aplicando la técnica de mínimos cuadrados parciales conformado por ochos variables: (1) pertenencia, (2) derechos, (3) privacidad, (4) seguridad, (5) acuerdos de nivel de servicio, (6) etiqueta en línea, (7) interacción y (8) competencia digital. Los resultados arrojan dos variables (6 y 7) con alto valor de significancia, dos con bajo nivel de significancia (5 y 2), y tres variables reportaron no influir en la competencia digital del estudiantado universitario (1, 3 y 4). Por lo tanto, se concluye que los elementos que contribuyen al constructo de la manifestación de la ciudadanía digital en la juventud universitaria de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos son: las normas de comportamiento que realiza la juventud cuando está conectada en línea (etiqueta en línea); los modos de expresión sobre las participaciones en línea que son publicadas por la juventud en distintos ámbitos (interacción); los mecanismos de gestión de datos personales que usa la juventud en la virtualidad (acuerdos de nivel de servicio); y el conocimiento que tenga el estudiantado universitario sobre las formas de ejercer y cumplir los derechos y obligaciones en su rol como ciudadano digital (derechos).

Lipases from Candida antarctica (isoform B) and Rhizomucor miehei (CALB and RML) have been immobilized on octyl-agarose (OC) and further coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and dextran sulfate (DS). The enzymes just immobilized on OC supports could be easily released from the support using 2% SDS at pH 7, both intact or after thermal inactivation (in fact, after inactivation most enzyme molecules were already desorbed). The coating with PEI and DS greatly reduced the enzyme release during thermal inactivation and improved enzyme stability. However, using OC-CALB/RML-PEI-DS, the full release of the immobilized enzyme to reuse the support required more drastic conditions: a pH value of 3, a buffer concentration over 2 M, and temperatures above 45 °C. However, even these conditions were not able to fully release the thermally inactivated enzyme molecules from the support, being necessary to increase the buffer concentration to 4 M sodium phosphate and decrease the pH to 2.5. The formation of unfolded protein/polymers composites seems to be responsible for this strong interaction between the octyl and some anionic groups of OC supports. The support could be reused five cycles using these conditions with similar loading capacity of the support and stability of the immobilized enzyme. ; We gratefully recognize the support from the MINECO from Spanish Government, (project numbers CTQ2013-41507-R and CTQ2016-78587-R). The authors wish to thank Ramiro Martínez (Novozymes, Spain) for kindly supplying some of the enzymes used in this research. The help and comments from Ángel Berenguer (Instituto de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante) are gratefully recognized. ; We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).

The alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is associated with excess energy dissipation in leaves of terrestrial plants. To address whether this association is less important in palustrine plants, we compared the role of AOP in balancing energy and carbon metabolism in palustrine and terrestrial environments by identifying metabolic relationships between primary carbon metabolites and AOP in each habitat. We measured oxygen isotope discrimination during respiration, gas exchange, and metabolite profiles in aerial leaves of ten fern and angiosperm species belonging to five families organized as pairs of palustrine and terrestrial species. We performed a partial least square model combined with variable importance for projection to reveal relationships between the electron partitioning to the AOP (τa) and metabolite levels. Terrestrial plants showed higher values of net photosynthesis (AN) and τa, together with stronger metabolic relationships between τa and sugars, important for water conservation. Palustrine plants showed relationships between τa and metabolites related to the shikimate pathway and the GABA shunt, to be important for heterophylly. Excess energy dissipation via AOX is less crucial in palustrine environments than on land. The basis of this difference resides in the contrasting photosynthetic performance observed in each environment, thus reinforcing the importance of AOP for photosynthesis. ; This work was mainly supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) (project PGC2018-093824-B-C41) and the ERDF (FEDER). Others funding were provided by FONDECYT No. 1191118 from National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) and the Chilean Scholarship Program/Becas de doctorado nacional/2017–21180329, the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 753301, the 'Ramon y Cajal' contract RYC2019-027244-I/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Social Fund. ; Peer reviewed

This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Respiration. ; The interaction of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway with nutrient metabolism is important for understanding how respiration modulates ATP synthesis and carbon economy in plants under nutrient deficiency. Although AOX activity reduces the energy yield of respiration, this enzymatic activity is upregulated under stress conditions to maintain the functioning of primary metabolism. The in vivo metabolic regulation of AOX activity by phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) and during plant symbioses with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium bacteria is still not fully understood. We highlight several findings and open questions concerning the in vivo regulation of AOX activity and its impact on plant metabolism during P deficiency and symbiosis with AMF. We also highlight the need for the identification of which metabolic regulatory factors of AOX activity are related to N availability and nitrogen-fixing legume-rhizobia symbiosis in order to improve our understanding of N assimilation and biological nitrogen fixation. ; This work was supported by FONDECYT No. 1191118 from National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) and the Chilean Scholarship Program/Becas de doctorado nacional/2017–21180329. I.F.-S. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 753301. ; Peer reviewed