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Jasminum is a genus of flowering climbing shrubs and vines (family Oleaceae). Genus Jasminum composed of over 2000 plants distributed all over the world. They are native to Eurasia, India, and the Mediterranian region. Jasminum. azoricum L., Jasminum humile L., Jasminum multiflorum Burm.f., Jasminum officinale L., Jasminum sambac L. (Arabian nights) and Jasminum sambac L. (Grand Duke of Tuscany) were collected from AL-Keram farms, Al-Beheira Government.The plants; were subjected to DNA fingerprinting using SCOT and ISSR primers for genetic characterization. The study was performed on biologically guided bases, so four in-vitro biological studies were performed; antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic effect on three cell lines and antihepatic C virus. The comparative biological studies showed that J. multiflorum leaves have higher antioxidant effects by DPPH assay, while J. officinale and J. sambac (G) flower extracts showed more antimicrobial effects than other species and cultivars. The cytotoxicity study showed that all the species possessed cytotoxic effects in different degrees, the higher cytotoxic effects observed in J. humile and J. sambac. In-vitro HCV activity was performed in addition to cell genes analysis by western blot technique, proved that J. multiflorum leaves and flowers can decrease the viral load and inhibit its replication by 85-88%. They inhibit viral replication by affecting NS5A protein and inhibit viral penetration and expansion of infection by affecting the EPAH2 gene.Comparative phytochemical investigations were performed on the six Jasminum plants, starting with phytochemical screening for the flowers and leaves. The HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS technique was used to explore the chemical composition of the leaves, a total of 115 compounds were determined tentatively with interspecies variations, different classes of compounds were identified; 5 phenylethanoids, 19 simple phenols, 18 flavonoids, 7 lignans, and 66 secoiridoids. Estimation of flavonoids and phenolic component in each plant showed the highest phenolic contents in J. multiflorum, while similarity in flavonoid contents was observed in the six plants. Volatile components of the six plants were investigated using solid phase microextraction technique, that showed the interspecies differences of volatile oil composition among selected species and cultivars, the major components were; E,E-α-Farnesene, benzoyl acetate and cis-3-hexenyl benzoate. The quantitative determination of some phenolic acids and flavonoids of the methanolic extracts of leaves were performed using HPLC-DAD method.

Abstract
Background
Water pollution with heavy metals is a severe dilemma that concerns the whole world related to its risk to natural ecosystems and human health. The main objective was to evaluate the removal efficiency of Cd of various concentrations from contaminated aqueous solution by use of two cyanobacterial strains (Nostoc muscorum and Trichormus variabilis). For this purpose, a specially designed laboratory pilot-scale experiment was conducted using these two cyanobacterial strains on four different initial concentrations of Cd (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L−1) for 21 days.

Results
N. muscorum was more efficient than T. variabilis for removing Cd (II), with the optimum value of residual Cd of 0.033 mg L−1 achieved by N. muscorum after 21 days with initial concentration of 0.5 mg L−1, translating to removal efficiency of 93.4%, while the residual Cd (II) achieved by T. variabilis under the same conditions was 0.054 mg L−1 (89.13% removal efficiency). Algal growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments were estimated for both cyanobacterial strains throughout the incubation period.

Conclusions
High Cd concentration had a more toxic impact on algal growth. The outcomes of this study will help to produce treated water that could be reused in agrarian activities.

The limited amount of freshwater is the most important challenge facing Egypt due to increasing population and climate change. The objective of this study was to investigate how climatic change affects the winter potato water footprint at the Nile Delta covering 10 governorates from 1990 to 2016. Winter potato evapotranspiration (ETC) was calculated based on daily climate variables of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, wind speed and relative humidity during the growing season (October–February). The Mann–Kendall test was applied to determine the trend of climatic variables, crop evapotranspiration and water footprint. The results showed that the highest precipitation values were registered in the northwest governorates (Alexandria followed by Kafr El-Sheikh). The potato water footprint decreased from 170 m3 ton−1 in 1990 to 120 m3 ton−1 in 2016. The blue-water footprint contributed more than 75% of the total; the remainder came from the green-water footprint. The findings from this research can help government and policy makers better understand the impact of climate change on potato crop yield and to enhance sustainable water management in Egypt's major crop-producing regions to alleviate water scarcity. ; Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-07-01 (joosat);