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Objectives: This study aimed to assess the status of present periodontal diseases in Gezira Province. The facilities investigated included those in urban and rural areas including Wad Medani Dental hospital, Wad Medani Military Hospital, El Gadaiea Health Centre and Maringan Health Centre. Methodology: The study tools were direct pre-coded questionnaires, and a checklist. The procedure involved dental clinical examinations of patients to estimate periodontal diseases assessed by measuring calculus, gingival bleeding and periodontal pockets (PI index). The study sample was randomly selected to comprise 10% of patients attending Wad Medani Dental and Military Dental Hospitals during a week time period (6 days). All patients attended El Gadaiea and Marinjan Health Centres (n = 201) and sampled patients at rural health institutions during the same period were recruited (n = 448). Results: Thirty study sites in the rural areas were chosen from five study councils including Alhosh, Wad Alnaeem, Alhag Abdalla, Almadina Arab and Hantoub. They comprise 418 towns, villages and camps, of the only 118 had health services, including only four dental units. This was the reason that most of rural populations seek oral health services for periodontal diseases and dental caries in Wad Medani health institutions. The result showed that the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontal diseases were more prominent in the rural areas, while the management of them were meager in both the urban and rural areas. Conclusion: From the results of the present study could be concluded that there was a high prevalence of periodontal diseases due to poor provision of dental services in both quantity and quality at Gezira Province.

Sami Mustafa Jafar Ahmed,1 Bashir Ali Awadelgeed,2 Elhadi Miskeen3,4 1Department of Family and Community Medicine,Al Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Bakht Er-Ruda University, Ed Dueim, Sudan; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, SudanCorrespondence: Sami Mustafa Jafar Ahmed, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Al Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966559131609, Email Samimustafa2009@hotmail.comPurpose: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psyche of uninfected people with chronic diseases in the Elduim community, White Nile State, Sudan, during the COVID -19 pandemic.Methods: We used a generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD -7) and a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for psychological assessment. The study included two hundred thirty-four participants; all participants with a chronic disease but not infected with COVID -19 were between 24 and 65 years of age. Residents of the study area were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and a t-test were used for associations with a p-value of 0.05 or less.Results: This study found that anxiety rated by GAD 7 was either mild (18, 7.7%), moderate (98, 41.9%), or severe (41, 17.5%) among participants. PHQ 9-rated depression showed 22 (9.4%) mild depression, most of them in participants aged 36– 44 years. Participants with kidney disease showed major depression 11 (42.31%). Factors that significantly affected anxiety scores were age 24– 35 years (P =0.002), university graduates (P < 0.000), married (P < 0.000), those with diabetes and hypertension (P =0.041), and urban residents (P < 0.023). Those who had secondary education were married and smoked were significantly more likely to have major depression than those with another educational status (p < 0.05).Conclusion: COVID 19 pandemic had a significant impact on the psyche of uninfected people with chronic diseases in Sudan, and significant associated factors were identified. Unique interventions are strongly recommended to reduce the psychological impact of the COVID 19 pandemic.Keywords: COVID-19, psychological impact, chronic disease, anxiety, depression