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The scientific transition from the concepts of absolute space-time to relative ones took centuries and centuries. The same process has happened slowly in politics, including institution building. However, the actual world order is more a nation-state order, where the influence of national aspects or allegiance to one's country is still strong. This means that the space (territory) is still more absolute than relative, becoming a divergent barrier to the foundations of the globalization process, with a strengthening of an interdependent component in international relations. An increasing role in weakening the reality of nation-state is played, recently, by different human rights organizations and some specialized international instruments. On the other side, the poverty, the digital divide and the great imbalances among rich and poor countries are playing an important role in the mixing of different populations through legal or illegal immigration. They are also a source of injustices and conflicts. Parallel to this, rampant corruption and different kinds of exploitation are a breeding ground of terrorism or varied religious strife. The last one is obscurely classified as a "clash of civilizations". What is needed today is a careful analysis of the new trends in our world, their generalization and reflection in reforming the main political concepts and the important international institutions. This paper considers some of them closely linked to respective challenges. Adapted from the source document.