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In: International journal of human resource management, Volume 28, Issue 9, p. 1261-1290
ISSN: 1466-4399
In: Human relations: towards the integration of the social sciences, Volume 33, Issue 2, p. 79-100
ISSN: 1573-9716, 1741-282X
Managers' perceptions of political activity associated with different situations, functional areas, and hierarchical levels were studied in 30 organizations. Politics was perceived to be related to power, uncertainty, and importance of the issue to the organization and to the individual. Perceived negative andpositive instrumentalities of politics werefoundfor individuals and organizations.