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Introduciton : the codes and children -- Small, silent, but ever present : slave children in Colossians 3:18-4:1 -- Socialization and education : the nurture, teaching, and discipline of children in Ephesians 5:21-6:4 -- The house church as home school : the Christian assembly and family in the pastorals -- Conclusion : how remembering the little ones changes things

This paper is about a drug called misoprostol and its controversial clinical and social lives. Although originally developed as a prevention for gastric ulcers, in the 1980s, it developed an off-label reputation as an abortifacient. The drug's association with clandestine abortion has profoundly shaped its social life as a marginal and suspect character in the realm of global maternal and reproductive health where it has the potential to prevent two major causes of maternal death––postpartum hemorrhage and unsafe abortion. The social life of misoprostol has also been shaped by the question of authoritative practice, that is, the question of who can deliver medicine. Both issues are about the specters of misuse of misoprostol: off-label, illegal, immoral, or by unlicensed providers. In this paper, I focus ethnographically on two women's health nongovernmental organizations that have been conducting clinical testing and advocacy for the use of misoprostol for reproductive indications in global maternal health settings. Drawing on the notions of pharmaceutical activism and protocol feminism, I describe and analyze how the tools of evidence and authoritative practice have been reassembled in new networks of expertise toward the social justice goals of life, access, and dignity for women.

Discusses technologies used by intelligence services, focusing on supply and demand, scientific knowledge, modern technology, and human element; policy options; US, chiefly.

Chapter 1. Introduction Lauren J. Wallace, Margaret E. MacDonald & Katerini T. Storeng -- Part I. Implementation Disconnects and Policy Rhetoric -- Chapter 2. Baby (not so) Friendly: Implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in Serbia Ljiljana Pantović -- Chapter 3. The Promise and Neglect of Follow-up Care in Obstetric Fistula Treatment in Uganda Bonnie Ruder & Alice Emasu -- Chapter 4. The Domestication of Misoprostol for Abortion in Burkina Faso: Interactions Between Caregivers, Drug Vendors and Women Seydou Drabo -- Chapter 5. The 'Sustainability Doctrine' in Donor-Driven Maternal Health Programs in Tanzania Meredith G. Marten -- Part II. Policy Ambivalence -- Chapter 6. The Place of Traditional Birth Attendants in Global Maternal Health: Policy Retreat, Ambivalence, and Return Margaret E. MacDonald -- Chapter 7. Conflicted Reproductive Governance: The Co-existence of Rights-Based Approaches and Coercion in India's Family Planning Policies Maya Unnithan -- Part III. Contesting Authoritative Knowledge and Practice -- Chapter 8. Regulating Midwives: Foreclosing Alternatives in the Policy-making Process in West Java, Indonesia Priscilla Magrath -- Part IV. The Rise of Evidence and Its Uses -- Chapter 9. Making Space for Qualitative Evidence in Global Maternal and Child Health Policy-making Christopher J. Colvin -- Chapter 10. The International Childbirth Initiative: An Applied Anthropologist's Account of Developing Global Guidelines Robbie Davis-Floyd -- Chapter 11. Selling Beautiful Births: The Use of Evidence by Brazil's Humanised Birth Movement Lucy C. Irvine.

This open access edited book brings together new research on the mechanisms by which maternal and reproductive health policies are formed and implemented in diverse locales around the world, from global policy spaces to sites of practice. The authors – both internationally respected anthropologists and new voices – demonstrate the value of ethnography and the utility of reproduction as a lens through which to generate rich insights into professionals' and lay people's intimate encounters with policy. Authors look closely at core policy debates in the history of global maternal health across six different continents, including: Women's use of misoprostol for abortion in Burkina Faso The place of traditional birth attendants in global maternal health Donor-driven maternal health programs in Tanzania Efforts to integrate qualitative evidence in WHO maternal and child health policy-making Anthropologies of Global Maternal and Reproductive Health will engage readers interested in critical conversations about global health policy today. The broad range of foci makes it a valuable resource for teaching in medical anthropology, anthropology of reproduction, and interdisciplinary global health programs. The book will also find readership amongst critical public health scholars, health policy and systems researchers, and global public health practitioners.

Objective: To describe methadone injectors and the risk practices associated with injecting methadone in New South Wales, Australia. To assess the impact on injecting drug use and risk behaviour of the withdrawal of methadone injecting equipment from government-funded needle and syringe programs. Method: Cross-sectional survey, conducted in 1999, of 206 people who had injected methadone at least once in the previous month. Participants were from Central Sydney, West Sydney and rural New South Wales. Results: Of participants who had injected both methadone and other drugs in the previous month (n=162), significantly more reused their methadone injecting equipment compared with those who reused their otber drug injecting equipment (60% vs. 28%, p<0.01). There was no significant difference in terms of sharing injecting equipment, with 19% reporting sharing methadone injecting equipment and 14% sharing other drug injecting equipment. However, women were more likely than men to share methadone injecting equipment. Over half of the participants had accessed diverted methadone and a substantial minority reported the use of public spaces for injecting methadone. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the current policy has led to increased reuse of equipment for injecting methadone. Implications: A range of other possible policy options, such as closer monitoring and dilution of take-home doses, increasing oral doses and implementing trials of injected methadone, may assist to reduce the prevalence of methadone syrup injection and related harms.

Objective: To describe methadone injectors and the risk practices associated with injecting methadone in New South Wales, Australia. To assess the impact on injecting drug use and risk behaviour of the withdrawal of methadone injecting equipment from government-funded needle and syringe programs. Method: Cross-sectional survey, conducted in 1999, of 206 people who had injected methadone at least once in the previous month. Participants were from Central Sydney, West Sydney and rural New South Wales. Results: Of participants who had injected both methadone and other drugs in the previous month (n=162), significantly more reused their methadone injecting equipment compared with those who reused their otber drug injecting equipment (60% vs. 28%, p<0.01). There was no significant difference in terms of sharing injecting equipment, with 19% reporting sharing methadone injecting equipment and 14% sharing other drug injecting equipment. However, women were more likely than men to share methadone injecting equipment. Over half of the participants had accessed diverted methadone and a substantial minority reported the use of public spaces for injecting methadone. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the current policy has led to increased reuse of equipment for injecting methadone. Implications: A range of other possible policy options, such as closer monitoring and dilution of take-home doses, increasing oral doses and implementing trials of injected methadone, may assist to reduce the prevalence of methadone syrup injection and related harms.