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SummaryCumulative fertility as measured by deviation from the natural fertility schedule is determined more by intermediate variables such as child mortality, the use of supplementary food, lactation, and husband's absence, than by the practice of fertility control using modern contraceptive methods. Socioeconomic factors like education, urban residence and the possession of household assets, though differentiating these intermediate variables of fertility, do not have direct effects on cumulative fertility among the sample of Bangladeshi women in the Bangladesh Fertility Survey. The effect of age, controlling for the effect of these intermediate variables, remains strongly negative, suggesting an early onset of subfecundity. The implications of these findings for fertility trends and differentials in recent decades are discussed.

Delayed marriage and non-marriage were the important factors
of fertility decline in the classic case of Western Europe [8,1] and in
some parts of Eastern Europe [16]. Changes in age structure of marriage,
though not so much in the proportion of non-marriage, have also been
observed along with trends of fertility decline in the recent history of
some Eastern Asian Countries see, for example, [6,17]. In light of these
historical cases it is natural to ask what is, and will be the relative
impact of nuptiality and fertility change on the growth of populations
in developing nations which remain high in fertility and traditionally
are married young and nearly universally.

Based on conference paper. Whether extended households, comprised of two and three generations, will remain prevalent.

Previous negative predictions on the fate of the Chinese family are questioned arguing that industrialization & urbanization have not progressed enough to stop the country's rapidly induced population transition from enhancing the viability of households of old designs. Local survey data & national census data collected in the 1980s show that households encompassing three generations or more remain prevalent &, given their practicality, will continue to do so. These results are compared to 1973 UN statistical data on heads of household in Japan & Sweden. 7 Tables, 2 Figures, 27 References. Modified HA

SummaryA national study of the Iran family planning programme is yet to be undertaken. This paper reports clinic continuation rates and causes of drop-out among Iranian pill acceptors based on patient records at three selected clinics in Shiraz and Marvdasht. All three clinics were shown to have a cumulative continuation rate of over 50% up to 1 year. Causes of clinic drop-out varied between rural and urban pill users by time of acceptance and by the acceptors' background characteristics. The probability of drop-out for unreported reasons was related to level of motivation. The effect of follow-up by clinic motivators was clearly demonstrated in the temporal pattern of drop-out among rural acceptors. The probability of drop-out for medical side effects was related to knowledge about them and users' own experience. Risk of accidental pregnancy was seen to reduce as pill users gained experience.