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In this article, the author for the first time carries out a concrete and historical reconstruction of the customary and law ideas of the Don Cossacks about medicine and quackery in stanitsa and farmsteads of the Don Army Region in the second half of the 19th century. Some means and ways of treatment of various diseases, which were widely used by healers and mendicants, as well as the main reasons, which contributed to stanitsa and farmstead residents' appeal to healers and mendicants of different "specializations" during the mentioned period of time, are considered in detail.

In this article the author for the first time carries out a concrete and historical reconstruction of the customary and law ideas of the Don Cossacks about medicine and znakharstvo in stanitsa and farmsteads of the Don Army Region in the second half of the 19th century. Some means and ways of treatment of various diseases, which were widely used by healers and mendicants, as well as the main reasons, which contributed to stanitsa and farmstead residents' appeal to healers and mendicants of different "specializations" during the mentioned period of time, are considered in detail.

In this publication, the author for the first time conducts a specific historical reconstruction of the use by the Don Cossack communities of special methods of implementing shameful punishments in the villages and farms of the Don Host Region in the second half of the 19th century. According to the author, such methods of shameful punishments include various options for shaming the guilty and (or) suspected of committing any offenses. The popularity of various types of shameful punishments among the Don Cossacks during this period was explained by the speed of the administration of justice and the absence of any court costs and costs for the consideration and resolution of conflict situations between members of the Don Cossack communities.

In this article, the author simultaneously examines several of the most relevant problems for the recent history of Russia related to the legal status of individual entrepreneurs, self-employed citizens and real impact of smart technologies on competition between them.

In this publication the author, for the first time, carries out a concrete and historical reconstruction of the application by the Don Cossack communities of various measures of customary responsibility (punishment) in stanitsas and khutors of the Don Army Region in the second half of the 19th century. Such measures of customary responsibility (punishment) include expulsion (eviction) from the Don Cossack communities for time or forever to remote stanitsas or remote areas of Siberia of guilty and/or suspected of committing any offences against communities, both own citizens and other persons who were not members of Don Cossack communities. The application of this "type" of punishment among the Don Cossacks during this period of time depended on many reasons, some of which created all sorts of obstacles to its real implementation, while others, on the contrary, contributed to the expansion of the range of subjects and types of offences, the commission of which could be followed by expulsion (eviction) from the Don Cossack communities.

In this publication, the author conducts a specific historical reconstruction of the customary law ideas of the Don Cossacks about the responsibility of the perpetrators of the offenses committed by them in the second half of the XIX century in order to establish what actually, despite the ethnic identity and features of bringing these persons to various types of punishment under customary law, was the basis for the occurrence of a particular type of responsibility and constituted its essence. For the first time, the author proposes to consider of thecustomary representations of the Don Cossacks about responsibility for offenses through the concept of abuse of their duties (obligations) to the Don Cossack communities by all, without exception, members of communities and in various spheres of their life.

In this publication the author first conducts a specific historical reconstruction of the different methods and (or) measures the customary law of responsibility, which has always used the Don Cossack community as a reciprocal means and (or) the punishment of offenders, and the use of which allowed members of the Don Cossack communities to delineate the customary law of responsibility for the violation of simple prohibitions, which were established by certain norms of customary law.

In this publication, the author for the first time conducts a concrete historical reconstruction of the main types of use of corporal punishment, which were considered the most popular and effective among the don Cossacks in the second half of the XIX century.