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In: Policing: a journal of policy and practice, Volume 6, Issue 4, p. 443-452
ISSN: 1752-4520
1. The state of play : incidents, definitions and explanations -- 2. Getting started with reversal theory -- 3. New beginnings : a reversal theory view of violence -- 4. The joy of physical contact : sanctioned aggression and violence in sport -- 5. When things turn ugly : unsanctioned aggression and violence -- 6. Taking the hard knocks : children's and youth sport -- 7. Beyond the pale : fan violence and sports riots -- 8. Blood and guts : observing violence in sport -- 9. The final whistle : rounding off.
In: Australian outlook: journal of the Australian Institute of International Affairs, Volume 18, Issue 3, p. 266-277
In: Australian outlook: journal of the Australian Institute of International Affairs, Volume 13, Issue 3, p. 181-192
In: Australian outlook: journal of the Australian Institute of International Affairs, Volume 13, p. 181-192
ISSN: 0004-9913
In: Reviews on environmental health, Volume 9, Issue 2
ISSN: 2191-0308
In: Australian journal of social issues: AJSI, Volume 17, Issue 3, p. 207-219
ISSN: 1839-4655
The legalization of abortion is still a live issue in Queensland. The numbers and characteristics of women seeking abortion through the Children by Choice Association in 1973–74 and in 1980 were studied since no official statistics on abortion are available. From 1974 to 1980 there was a threefold growth in demand and a threefold rise in the proportion seeking their second or subsequent abortion. Both samples closely reflect the Queensland population as measured by place of birth and religious affiliation. Contraceptive knowledge was found to be associated with education while the proportion who stated they had formal lessons at school rose from 3% to 16% between the samples. In both samples two‐thirds of the pregnancies resulted when no physical contraceptive was in use. Social characteristics of the women and men involved were investigated, as well as factors in the abortion decision.
In: Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, Volume 36, Issue 1
ISSN: 0718-686X
In: Australian quarterly: AQ, Volume 33, Issue 2, p. 105
ISSN: 1837-1892
In: Environmental science & policy, Volume 136, p. 157-166
ISSN: 1462-9011
Signed (p. 6): J.K. Kerr. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44
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In: American journal of health promotion, Volume 32, Issue 2, p. 334-343
ISSN: 2168-6602
Purpose: This study tested whether a multilevel physical activity (PA) intervention had differential effects on PA according to participants' perceptions of their neighborhood environment. Design: Two-group cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting: San Diego, California. Subjects: Analytical sample included 319 Latinas (18-65 years) from churches randomized to the following conditions: PA (n = 8 churches, n = 157 participants) or attention control (n = 8 churches, n = 162 participants). Intervention: Over 12 months, PA participants were offered free PA classes (6/wk), while attention control participants were offered cancer prevention workshops. Measures: Baseline and 12-month follow-up measures included self-report and accelerometer-based moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sociodemographics, and perceived neighborhood environment variables. Analysis: Mixed-effects models examined each PA outcome at 12-month follow-up, adjusted for church clustering, baseline PA, and sociodemographics. We tested interactions between 7 baseline perceived environment variables and study condition. Results: Neighborhood esthetics was the only significant moderator of intervention effects on accelerometer-based MVPA and self-report leisure-time MVPA. Participants in the PA intervention had significantly higher PA at follow-up than attention control participants, only when participants evaluated their neighborhood esthetics favorably. Conclusion: Perceived neighborhood esthetics appeared to maximize the effectiveness of a multilevel PA intervention among Latinas. For sustainable PA behavior change, the environments in which Latinas are encouraged to be active may need to be evaluated prior to implementing an intervention to ensure they support active lifestyles.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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