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The present article attempts to extend a model of interpersonal conflict to the international arena. Specifically, a wall-boundary analysis of interpersonal relations suggests that there is a relationship between a secure personal identity and resolution of interpersonal conflict. We extend this analysis to suggest a relationship between a secure national identity and resolution of international conflict. This analysis is applied to identity issues of four Arab-Islamic societies (Turkey, Tunisia, Egypt, and the Palestinians) and their conflict patterns with Israel.

Aus US-amerikanischer Sicht

The present paper attempts to employ aspects of the incentive-dissonance controversy regarding the effects of monetary reward in a discussion of the relationship between the likeability or attractiveness of a source and his persuasiveness. To this end 'persuasive communication' and 'forced compliance' are distinguished as two paradigms of social influence. The case is made that a positive attractiveness-persuasiveness relationship follows an incentive rule and has been most strongly supported in the persuasive communication context. In contrast, a negative attractiveness-persuasiveness relation follows a dissonance rule and emerges from the forced-compliance literature. Balance terminology is utilized to molecularly analyze this problem, the separation of 'liking' and 'unit' relations being especially useful in our attempts to diagram the dynamics of forced compliance. Such analysis allows a diagrammatical comparison of the persuasive communication and forced compliance paradigms. In general, our interpretation suggests that the traditional 'positive product' rule for balance is best applied to the persuasive communication paradigm while a 'negative product' rule is most profitably applied to the forced compliance paradigm. What mediates these diverse situations, we suggest, is the formation of a personal unit relation (i.e., p produces the discrepant event through his own actions). Antecedents to personal unit formation are discussed for both paradigms as are applications of our analysis to the general dissonance-incentive controversy.