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Some years ago and with the help of the internet in terms of connectivity and communication tools, virtual education has been spoken as a new way to improve the ways to learn and teach. Virtual tools helps to reduce barriers of the traditional education system and allow many people access to a formal education system. Virtuality under all those terms has the meaning of having access from a personal computer through the Internet to all the services organized and offered by educational institutions. Acording to the policy of Ministry of Education , the University has taken the challenge to update all the learning material developed in CD-ROM to virtual learning objects, to facilitate the access of all the student community through the Learning Management System (LMS) to the educational material, using the system of virtual classrooms and hereby to stop the expensive process of distribution of CDs with the academic subjects. ; Desde hace ya algunos años y gracias a los avances que ha tenido el Internet en materia de herramientas de conectividad y comunicación, se viene hablando de educación con herramientas virtuales como una nueva forma de mejorar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, reduciendo así las barreras de la presencialidad para permitir a muchas más personas el acceso a una educación formal de calidad. La virtualidad significa entonces, bajo estos términos, el poder tener acceso a un computador con Internet, a una serie de servicios y productos que son organizados por las instituciones educativas. Es así como la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada en su afán de mantener un sistema de educación a distancia actualizado, bajo las recomendaciones que en materia de virtualidad ha planteado el Ministerio de Educación Nacional, se decidió emprender la tarea de virtualizar todo su material de estudio desarrollado en CD-ROM a un modelo de objetos virtuales de aprendizaje, para facilitar a toda su comunidad de estudiantes el acceso a las asignaturas, desde el sistema de aulas virtuales y de esta manera dejar de ...

El presente artículo pretende aportar a los debates sobre el papel de las emociones en la acción colectiva. Para ello, se establecieron tres ejes teórico-conceptuales que lo articulan: 1) la sociología y antropología de las emociones; 2) la injusticia y el agravio moral y; 3) las luchas por el reconocimiento.En concreto, el documento tiene el objetivo de explicar las prácticas y sentires de un grupo de lesionados en Guadalajara, México, que fueron víctimas de una catástrofe antropogénica. La información utilizada para ello proviene de la revisión de notas periodísticas, la realización de entrevista y de una inmersión etnográfica de algunos años.Lo propuesto es que su acción colectiva sólo puede ser comprendida, en términos de su génesis, fuerza, objetivos y duración, por la profundidad del daño sentido, así como en las resultantes emociones morales.

En este artículo se ofrece un análisis sociológico sobre el ingreso de la movilidad no motorizada a la agenda pública en la ciudad de Guadalajara. En concreto se identifican procesos vinculados no sólo al ejercicio del poder económico y político de determinados actores sociales, sino también a la puesta en práctica de determinados capitales simbólicos e ideologías (especialmente transnacionales) que han logrado incentivar el uso de la bicicleta como solución de algunos de los problemas de transporte urbano. Lo anterior con el fin de comprender, en un caso en particular (la ciclovía de Santa Margarita en Zapopan), cómo fue el proceso de legitimación de la obra, cuáles fueron los actores principales, cuáles fueron los poderes en juego y, por supuesto, las posibles contradicciones de este tipo de propuestas cuando no responden a beneficios colectivos generales.Palabras clave: agenda, movilidad, ciclovía, propiedad y legitimidad.

The South Region of Ecuador consists of the provinces of El Oro, Loja and Zamora Chinchipe; located in the South of Ecuador, the Peru border area. Conceptually, we understand these spaces of politica-territorial division, as the sites where a population reproduces that are subjects of historical development. This is a demographic study of case, secondary source, based on of cial data provided by the Instituto Ecuatoriano de Estadísticas y Censos, INEC, the population censuses carried out between 1950 and 2010, study period. The variables were analyzed total population growth, by geographical area and by sex; of the region and in each province. Overall, the study shows a signi cant population increase in the region, whose growth rate has been reduced throughout the period, with marked differences between provinces; It can be seen that the evolution of the urban and rural populations has been different, which suggests a progressive urbanization process, of major migrations of the rural populations, within the region or outside it, especially those living in the province of Loja, inequities and injustices. Despite the fact that does not address the population structure and characteristics of the population dynamics, including migratory movements, we can say that it responds to the need to argue the population processes from the perspective of a region. ; La Región Sur del Ecuador está constituida por las provincias de El Oro, Loja y Zamora Chinchipe; ubicadas en el sur del Ecuador, zona fronteriza con el Perú. Conceptualmente, se entiende a estos espacios de división política-territorial, como los sitios en donde se reproduce una población que son sujetos de desarrollo histórico. El presente es un estudio demográ co de caso, de fuente secundaria, en base a los datos o ciales suministrados por el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Estadísticas y Censos, INEC, de los censos poblacionales realizados entre los años 1950 y 2010, periodo de estudio. Se analizaron las variables crecimiento poblacional total, por área geográ ca y por sexo; de la región y en cada provincia. En general, el estudio muestra un incremento poblacional importante en la región, cuya velocidad de crecimiento se ha reducido a lo largo del periodo, con marcadas diferencias entre las provincias; se aprecia que la evolución de las poblaciones urbana y rural ha sido diferente, lo que induce a pensar en un proceso de urbanización progresivo, de migraciones importantes de las poblaciones rurales, dentro de la región o fuera de ella, especialmente aquellas asentadas en la provincia de Loja, de inequidades e injusticias. A pesar que no se aborda la estructura poblacional ni particularidades de la dinámica poblacional, incluidos los movimientos migratorios, se puede decir que responde a la necesidad de argumentar los procesos poblacionales desde la perspectiva de una región.

Purpose
Mobile technologies have become indispensable in sales. However, there is a lack of agreement about whether mobile technology use facilitates the sales job or contributes to the salesperson's stress and reduced job satisfaction. To address this controversy, this study aims to examine the effect of mobile technology use (smartphones, laptop computers and tablets) on salespeople's role stress and job satisfaction.


Design/methodology/approach
Hypotheses are tested using responses of 265 sales employees working for a broad range of industries in Spain.


Findings
This study shows that mobile technology use during working hours has a positive effect on job satisfaction through a mediating process that involves role stress. In addition, the impact of mobile technology use on role stress is strengthened by technological compatibility.


Originality/value
The current study extends previous research by moving beyond a focus on technology-centric outcomes (i.e. sales performance) to understanding broader, more psychological outcomes, namely, role stress and job satisfaction. Importantly, previous research reporting that salespeople feel "plugged in" to a device all day have not made the distinction about when the mobile device is used. One important difference in this study is that it exclusively focuses on mobile technology use during working hours.

Case study where the objective is to describe the historical behavior of the population structure in the provinces of El Oro, Loja and Zamora Chinchipe, which make up the Southern Region of Ecuador, during the period 1962-2010, and to understand the aging process. The research was based on official information from the population and housing censuses. We used the following variables: general population, sex, geographical area, life cycles, the childhood indices, youth, generational of old people, of old age and, of overpopulation aging. In order to determine the rate of growth, the geometric annual growth rate was calculated, and, for the aging, the medians, medians and population quartiles. The population of the Southern Region of Ecuador aged in 7.6 years, with significant variations at the provincial level: in El Oro it was 8.1 years old, in Loja, 7.6 years; and, in Zamora Chinchipe, 4.5 years; The analysis by life cycles shows dissimilar scenarios that serve as a context for health, disease and mortality processes, although it does not address the entire population dynamics. In general, there is evidence of a complex, asymmetric demographic transition in heterogeneous political-geographical spaces, where processes of interrelated biological-social reproduction have been historically generated, but at the same time, dissimilar. ; La presente investigación consiste en un estudio de caso con el objetivo de describir el comportamiento histórico de la estructura poblacional en las provincias de El Oro, Loja y Zamora Chinchipe, que conforman la Región Sur de Ecuador, durante el periodo 1962-2010 y comprender el proceso de envejecimiento. La investigación se basó en la información oficial de los censos de población y vivienda, y se emplearon las variables población general, sexo, área geográfica, ciclos de vida, índices de infancia, juventud, generacional de ancianos, de vejez y de sobreenvejecimiento poblacional. Para determinar el ritmo de crecimiento se calculó la tasa de crecimiento anual geométrica, y para el ...

Purpose
The aim of this study is to reveal the contribution that Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing has to scientific research and its most influential thematic work in B-to-B since its beginning in 1986 until 2015, in commemoration of the 30th anniversary.


Design/methodology/approach
The paper begins with a qualitative introduction: the emergence of the magazine, its origins, editorial and positioning. Subsequently, it is based on bibliometric methodologies to develop quantitative analysis. The distribution of annual publications is analyzed, the most cited papers, the keywords that are mostly used, the influence on the publishing industry and authors, universities and the countries that have the most publications.


Findings
The predominant role of the USA at all levels is highlighted. It also highlights the presence (given its size and population) of the countries of Northern Europe. There is great interest in appreciating the evolution of the number of publications that are always increasing which demonstrates the growing and sustained interest in these types of articles, with certain times of retreat (often coincide with economic crisis).


Research limitations/implications
The Scopus database gives one unit to each author, university or country involved in the paper, without distinguishing whether it was one or more authors in the study. Therefore, this may bring some deviations in the analysis. However, the study considers some figures with fractional counting to partially solve these limitations.


Practical implications
After observing the different perspectives of the journal's production, it allows to give an objective view of the evolution that the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing has had in the past 30 years.


Originality/value
It is part of the trend that several journals (Journal of Marketing, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Business Research) made special sections to show progress and contribution of these journals to scientific research.

This article describes Colombia's development of formal dentistry, its dental school system, curriculum, and dental licensure, and current issues in oral health care. In 1969, there were only 4 dental schools in Colombia; at this writing there are 21. Five dental schools are public and the other 16 are private. Nearly all classes are conducted in Spanish. Undergraduate pre-dental coursework is not a prerequisite for dental school in Colombia. To obtain licensure, Colombian dental students must complete 5 years of study in dental school, earn a diploma, and work for the government for 1 year. There are approximately 41,400 dentists in Colombia, and the number is increasing quickly. However, the unemployment rate among dentists is very high, even though graduation from dental school is extremely difficult. Although the 1,100:1 ratio of citizens to dentists is considered satisfactory, access to dental care is limited due to the high rate of poverty.

This article is an advance of the study which aim is to identify individual, familiar and scholar factors associated to the acceptance and social rejection in scholar children groups between 9 and 11 years old. Two types of individual variables are considered: deficits and behavioural excesses, and the social information processing strategies. Five styles of raising are considered like familiar variables: authoritarian, permissive, careless, overprotector and democratic. In the scholar context are tree pedagogic styles: the authoritarian, the permissive and the democratic. Also is wanted to detect the perceptions that the children share on attitudes that allowed a partner as deserving to be rejected or accepted in a scholar group. To the data gathering questionnaires and semistructured interviews were designed to be applied mainly to the children. The collected information will be analyzed with corelational statistics and in some cases through content analysis. Key words: acceptance, social rejection, deficits and behavioural excesses, styles of raising, pedagogic styles, social perception. ; Este artículo es un avance del estudio que busca identificar variables individuales, familiares y escolares asociadas con la aceptación y el rechazo en grupos escolares de niños entre 9 y 11 años de edad. Se consideran dos tipos de variables individuales: los déficit y excesos conductuales y las estrategias de procesamiento de información social. Como variables familiares se tienen cinco estilos de crianza: autoritario, permisivo, descuidado, sobreprotector y democrático. En el contexto escolar se tienen en cuenta tres estilos pedagógicos: el autoritario, el permisivo y el democrático. También se quiere detectar las percepciones que comparten los niños sobre actitudes que hacen a un compañero merecedor de rechazo o aceptación en su grupo escolar. Para la recolección de los datos se diseñaron cuestionarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas que se aplicarán principalmente a los niños. Los datos obtenidos serán sometidos a análisis estadístico correlacional y en algunos casos, a análisis de contenido.Palabras clave: aceptación, rechazo social, déficit y excesos conductuales, estilos de crianza, estilos pedagógicos, percepción social.