Search results

Quevedo compuso una serie de paratextos, prólogos a obras ajenas, en un momento por un lado, de especial beligerancia en su revalidación de un «habla castellana pura» y por otro, de reflexión sobre la escritura de «vidas de monarcas». De tales textos quevedianos destaca por diversas razones —una ellas, el estar dedicado a una mujer— el laudatorio escrito que prologa la Eternidad del rey nuestro señor don Felipe III de Ana de Castro Egas, donde elogia este panegírico escrito por una docta dama próxima al entorno del Cardenal Infante y de la que se desconoce casi todo. El presente trabajo estudia panorámicamente dicho paratexto quevediano e investiga aspectos del contexto —histórico, literario, político— en que don Francisco redacta el escrito. Quevedo wrote a series of paratextual writings, of prologues to different authors' works, at a time in which, on the one hand, he actively vindicated a «pure Spanish language» and, on the other hand, he reflected on the writing of kings' biographies. Among those paratextual works, the encomiastic prologue to Ana de Castro Egas' Eternidad del rey nuestro señor don Felipe III (1629) is particularly interesting for several reasons. Ana de Castro, from whom we ignore almost everything, was an erudite lady close to Cardinal Infante's entourage. The present article studies Quevedo's prologue to Eternidad and examines aspects of the historical, literary and political contexts in which don Francisco composed his writing.

Los recursos retóricos encaminados a proyectar una determinada imagen de la comunicación con el monarca en la Política de Dios se contextualiza dentro de la órbita de la reforma tridentina, en el marco de adaptaciones de la oratoria sagrada a esferas desviadas de las estrictamente eclesiásticas. Desde el uso de ciertas formas de estilo («aspereza» o la «vehemencia»), se investiga la utilización de fuentes patrísticas, donde la interpelación al hereje se traspone al rival político. Distintas tradiciones —entre otras, la de las «ferae calami» quienes, aduce San Agustín, rechazan la inteligencia espiritual de las Escrituras—, son mencionadas como posibles difusos modelos quevedianos de comunicación vehemente con el monarca. Un análisis de la representación de la actividad de gobernar mediante alegorías del hablar, callar, oír, escuchar, saber callar, etc., concluye el trabajo. This study contextualizes, within the Tridentine reform, rhetorical devices used by Quevedo in the Política de Dios to communicate with the king. Quevedo's text is viewed through the lends of humanist strategies that appropriated sacred text for secular purposes. The author examines Patristic sources in which reproaches to the heretic are transposed to the political rival. Different traditions (such as Saint Augustin's «ferae calami») could be Quevedian models for communicating with the king. The study concludes with an analysis of ways of representing the ruler's task through allegories of talking, hearing, listening, being silent, etc.

El Epítome a la historia de fray Tomás de Villanueva de Quevedo es una obra muy interesante si la ponemos en relación con otras escritas alrededor de 1620. La obra no ha recibido mucha atención crítica y, además, no siempre está incluida en la bibliografía hagiográfica del santo. Pero una correcta anotación nos dará idea de las líneas de pensamiento quevediano, su manera de escribir, su concepción retórica… La fuente de Quevedo es la obra de Miguel Salón, De los grandes y singularísimos ejemplos…, publicada en Valencia en 1588 y Quevedo la adapta a su estilo. Carmen Peraita compara pasajes de la obra de Salón y de Quevedo para analizar la manera de escribir y del estilo de don Francisco. Esta comparación demuestra que la obra de Quevedo no es una obra hagiográfica más, sino que trasciende los límites del género y la conectan con la crítica política, tratando temas que se encuentran en obras escritas en ese periodo. The Epítome a la historia de fray Tomás de Villanueva by Quevedo is a very interesting work if we put it into relation with other works written around the year 1620. This work has not received much attention nor has it always been included in Villanueva's hagiographic bibliography. But a correct annotation can be very useful to show us Quevedo's way of writing, his thoughts and his rhetorical consideration. Quevedo's main source is the work De los grandes y singularísimos… by Miguel Salón, published in 1588 and Quevedo adapts it to his own style. Carmen Peraita campares passages taken from Salón's with others from Quevedo's to analyse the way of writing and the personal style of don Francisco. This comparison shows that Quevedo's work is not only a hagiographic work, but it overcomes the limits of this genre to connect it with the political critic, dealing with topics that will be found in other works of this period.

ObjectiveThe annual prevalence of antiepileptic drug (AED) prescribing reported in the literature differs considerably among European countries due to use of different type of data sources, time periods, population distribution, and methodologic differences. This study aimed to measure prevalence of AED prescribing across seven European routine health care databases in Spain, Denmark, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Germany using a standardized methodology and to investigate sources of variation. MethodsAnalyses on the annual prevalence of AEDs were stratified by sex, age, and AED. Overall prevalences were standardized to the European 2008 reference population. ResultsPrevalence of any AED varied from 88 per 10,000 persons (The Netherlands) to 144 per 10,000 in Spain and Denmark in 2001. In all databases, prevalence increased linearly: from 6% in Denmark to 15% in Spain each year since 2001. This increase could be attributed entirely to an increase in new, recently marketed AEDs while prevalence of AEDs that have been available since the mid-1990s, hardly changed. AED use increased with age for both female and male patients up to the ages of 80 to 89years old and tended to be somewhat higher in female than in male patients between the ages of 40 and 70. No differences between databases in the number of AEDs used simultaneously by a patient were found. SignificanceWe showed that during the study period of 2001-2009, AED prescribing increased in five European Union (EU) countries and that this increase was due entirely to the newer AEDs marketed since the 1990s. Using a standardized methodology, we showed consistent trends across databases and countries over time. Differences in age and sex distribution explained only part of the variation between countries. Therefore, remaining variation in AED use must originate from other differences in national health care systems. A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section .