Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environmental Management
In: Pollution Monitoring Series
1 Water and Man -- 1.1 Historical Setting -- 1.2 Management of the Water Cycle -- 2 Freshwater Ecosystems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Classification of Organisms -- 2.3 Food Chains and Trophic Pyramids -- 2.4 Distribution of Species -- 2.5 Ecological Balance -- 2.6 Community Structure -- 2.7 Still and Flowing Waters -- 2.8 Biological Productivity -- 3 Biological Indicators -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Selection of Indicators -- 3.3 Individuals and Populations as Indicators -- 3.4 Community Structure as an Indicator -- 3.5 Functional Changes in Communities -- 3.6 Bioaccumulative Indicators -- 4 Environmental Stress -- 4.1 Natural environmental stresses -- 4.2 Imposed Environmental Stresses -- 4.3 Environmental Manipulation -- 4.4 Combined Stresses -- 5 Effects of Physical Disturbances -- 5.1 Effects of Suspended Solids -- 5.2 Effects of the Addition of Heat -- 5.3 Effects of Changes in pH -- 6 The Effects of Organic Enrichment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 General Effects of Organic Discharges -- 6.3 Physical and Chemical Changes -- 6.4 Biological Changes -- 6.5 Field Studies of Organic Pollution -- 7 Effects of Toxic Materials -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Physiological Responses to Poisons -- 7.3 Terminology and Criteria -- 7.4 Factors Which Affect Toxicity -- 7.5 Predicting the Toxicity of Combinations of Poisons -- 7.6 Inorganic Poisons -- 7.7 Organic Poisons -- 7.8 Heavy Metals -- 7.9 Pesticides -- 7.10 Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- 8 Laboratory Evaluation of Pollutants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental and Laboratory Investigations -- 9 Field Assessments of Environmental Quality -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Sampling Methods -- 9.3 Sampling Strategies and Programmes -- 9.4 Biotic Indices and Data Analysis -- 10 Biological Surveillance in Environmental Management -- 10.1 Aquatic Resource Management -- 10.2 Basin Management Concepts -- 10.3 Application and Implementation of Uniform Standards -- 10.4 Environmental Impact Statements and Conservation -- 10.5 Future Developments -- Appendices -- 1 Trent Biotic Index -- 2 Chandler Biotic Score -- 3 Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) — Score -- ReferenceS.