Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures and Maps -- List of Tables -- Preface -- 1 Regional Development and Regional Inequality: An Overview of the Brazilian Economy -- 2 Interregional Computable General Equilibrium Models: A Survey on Specification and Implementation Issues -- 3 The Theoretical Specification of B-MARIA -- 4 Linkage and Interdependence in the Brazilian Economy: The B-MARIA Data Input Files -- 5 The Regional Impacts of Macroeconomic, Structural and Sectoral Policies in the Brazilian Economy -- 6 Conclusion -- Technical Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index
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The Brazilian government has recently confirmed the discovery of a huge oil and natural gas field in the pre-salt layer of the country's southeastern coast. It has been said that the oil fields can boost Brazil's oil production and turn the country into one of the largest oil producers in the world. The fields are spatially concentrated in the coastal areas of a few Brazilian states that may directly benefit from oil production. This paper uses an interregional computable general equilibrium model to assess the impacts of pre-salt on the economy of the State of Espirito Santo, a region already characterized by an economic base that is heavily reliant on natural resources. We focus our analysis on the structural economic impacts on the local economy.
Tax incentives are common instruments in regional policies used to attract new investments and promote increase in employment and income, but the impact on regional public finances is very controversial. This paper uses an interregional computable general equilibrium model for the Brazilian economy to evaluate the net effects of tax incentives on the regional government revenues. The model takes into account the structural relationships between two regions and the specific characteristics of the Brazilian federalism that affects regional public finances. The theoretical specification allows capturing indirect and induced effects of the new investments and the net output of such incentive policies for the regional government revenues.
AbstractThis paper assesses the economic effects of the July 2006 War in Lebanon. We estimate the economy-wide impacts on the Lebanese regions resulting from the reduction of physical capital stocks using the estimated damages associated with the bombing events. In doing that, we are able to derive the estimates of the short-run economic costs of the War related to the structural break in the availability of economic infrastructure in the country. A discussion on resiliency is also introduced showing how the lack of redundancy in the country's infrastructure is associated with stronger higher-order negative effects. Moreover, we show how international trade can act as a shock absorber.
AbstractThis paper is based on a study whose results aimed to estimate socioeconomic impacts of the Olympic Games to be held in Rio de Janeiro. Data on local and regional economic impacts to be made by the necessary investments for the accomplishment of the 2016 Olympic Games are given here. The paper has the following goals: (i) to analyze their socioeconomic impacts based on that these games represent an additional structuring economic activity for the municipal space of Rio de Janeiro and its surroundings; (ii) in this context, to estimate direct, indirect and induced economic impacts on the various levels of economic activities in that municipality and its surroundings (RMRJ – the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro), as well as on those for the state of Rio de Janeiro and the country as a whole.ResumenEste artículo está basado en un estudio cuyos resultados buscaban estimar los impactos socioeconómicos de los Juegos Olímpicos que se celebrarán en Río de Janeiro. Se proporcionan datos sobre los impactos económicos locales y regionales que causarán las inversiones necesarias para la consecución de los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016. El artículo tiene los siguientes objetivos: (i) analizar sus impactos socioeconómicos basándose en que estos Juegos representan una actividad económica estructural para el área municipal de Río de Janeiro y alrededores; (ii) en este contexto, estimar los impactos económicos directos, indirectos e inducidos sobre los diferentes niveles de actividades económicas de dicha municipalidad y sus alrededores (RMRJ – Región Metropolitana de Río de Janeiro), así como en el estado de Río de Janeiro y el país en su totalidad.
Brazilian government has recently confirmed the discovery of a huge oil and natural gas field in the pre-salt layer off the country's southeastern coast. It has been said that the oil fields can boost Brazil's oil production, and turn the country into one of the largest oil producers in the world. The fields are spatially concentrated in the coast area of a few Brazilian states, that may be directly benefited by oil production. This paper uses an interregional CGE model to assess the impacts of pre-salt on the economy of the State of Espirito Santo, a region already characterized by an economic base heavily reliant on natural resources. We focus our analysis on the structural economic impacts, both in the short run, medium run and long run.
Neste trabalho utilizamos uma equação hedônica para estimar o preço implícito de amenidades urbanas a partir de dados do mercado de imóveis no Município de São Paulo. São testadas duas especificações: uma com as variáveis explicativas originais e outra com a construção de fatores para correção de multicolinearidade. Além de considerar a confi-guração monocêntrica tradicional, propomos a inclusão de um vetor de acessibilidade para o caso de uma cidade duocêntrica. A investigação sobre as variáveis ambientais relevantes é fundamentada na interpolação espacial dos resíduos. Concluímos que a proximidade das estações de trem, a presença de áreas verdes e o zoneamento estritamente residencial valorizam o imóvel para fins residenciais, enquanto a criminalidade reduz o seu valor.
This book examines regional structural challenges on Colombias path to sustainable social cohesion and regionally inclusive growth. These challenges can be divided into three main groups: (i) those that focus on competitiveness and the supply side, (ii) those that arise from critical business cycle issues on the demand side, and (iii) those concerning environmental sustainability, employment and social inclusion. The contributions, written by experts on Latin American economics and regional science, apply quantitative simulations based on a unified general equilibrium framework and address a wide range of topics, including: Colombias competitive integration in global markets, human capital profiles, regional economic disparities and public and private mechanisms of interregional income transfer. The challenges entailed by such high-profile and long-term issues as productivity growth and climate change are also analyzed. In addition, the book positions Colombias experiences in an international comparative context. It argues that many other Latin American countries face similar challenges and provide evidence to substantiate this claim. By doing so, it offers valuable policy lessons for Latin American countries with similar difficulties.
Resumo O artigo apresenta os resultados dos efeitos sistêmicos da mudança no padrão da produtividade agrícola entre 2008 e 2015. Para isso foi utilizado um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável (EGC) com especificação detalhada do uso da terra. Tal análise representa avanços no sentido de contribuir tanto para a modelagem econômica com uso da terra quanto na investigação dos impactos econômicos sistêmicos da mudança no padrão espacial da produtividade agrícola no Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que essa mudança teve efeitos positivos sobre o PIB real nacional e da maioria dos estados, contribuindo também para a redução das disparidades regionais.
This paper evaluates the systemic impact of climate variations in a regional perspective using an interregional CGE model integrated with a physical model estimated for agriculture in order to catch the effects of climate change. The methodological approach adopted to conduct such analysis was developed in two stages. At the first stage, a profit model was estimated for the agriculture sector using econometric tools in order to obtain structural parameters for projecting the effect of climate anomalies physical on the production of agriculture sector (permanent and temporary crops). At the second stage, this projection is translated as a technological productivity shock into the CGE model to evaluate the general equilibrium effect of climate anomalies. Climate anomalies are defined as deviations of rainfalls over the historic trend and the productivity shock is computed to mimic the climate anomalies observed in 2005. The CGE model used in this study id the well documented B-MARIA model. This model recognizes the 27 Brazilian regions and the results are based on a bottom-up approach ? i.e. national results are obtained from the aggregation of regional results. The model identifies 56 production/investment sectors in each region producing 110 commodities, one representative household in each region, regional governments and one Federal government, and a single foreign area that trades with each domestic region, through a network of ports of exit and ports of entry. Three local primary factors are used in the production process, according to regional endowments (land, capital and labour). The results show that a general equilibrium approach can provide a better comprehension about the systemic impact of climate anomalies, suggesting the economic costs are higher than those that would be observed in a partial equilibrium analysis. In addition, intersectoral and interregional linkages as well price effects seem to be important transmission channels in the context of systemic impact of climate anomalies.
Development can be understood from many perspectives. Among those, the one proposed by Amartya Sen states that a development policy should aim at expanding the freedom of individuals, and this goal can be achieved by the expansion of capabilities. With this conceptual framework in mind, health, more specifically infant mortality, is chosen as a measure of development and as the object of study. The Government should guarantee the provision of health services, as they consist in meritory goods. Mosley and Chen (1984) propose a theoretical framework to study infant mortality based on the proximal determinants, in which the socioeconomic factors affect the result observed indirectly. In Brazil there has been a substantial reduction of the average levels of infant mortality rates in the last decades. However, there is still a significant regional inequality. Econometric models for 1980, 1991 and 2000 are estimated including a spatial filter in order to account for the spatial dependency observed in the data. The study concludes that health infrastructure lost its explanative power for the differences in infant mortality rate among the localities. On the other hand, socioeconomic variables have become more relevant and significant. It means that future public policies must try to improve the access of the families to public facilities, reduce poverty and inequality and improve educational levels. Therefore, the family-based prevention against health problems should be stimulated, helping to avoid premature death.
