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"In diesem Beitrag wird die Beziehung zwischen dem Ehrgeiz als Form von dynamischem Humankapital und der zuerst von A. J. Fielding identifizierten eskalierenden Rolle von Metropolitanregionen höherer Ordnung untersucht. Es wird die These aufgestellt, dass das berufliche Vorwärtskommen an solchen Orten vor allem von der Höhe der Konzentration von stärker mit diesem Merkmal ausgestatteten Personen sowie von Arbeitsplätzen mit bevorrechtigtem Zugang zu wertvollen Elementen impliziten Wissens abhängt, wobei sich diese beiden Aspekte in dichten und konkurrenzbetonten Arbeitsmärkten gegenseitig beeinflussen. Diese These wird teilweise durch Analysen der Daten der British Household Panel Study (BHPS) über langfristiges Vorwärtskommen bestätigt, aus denen hervorgeht, dass nur ehrgeizigere Personen von einem Wohnort im Großraum London profitieren und nur dort beruflich schneller vorankommen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

The concept of industrial clusters has attracted much attention during the past decade, both as descriptive of an increasingly important phenomenon and as a basis for effective public intervention in the economies of lagging city-regions. However, there is much ambiguity in the way in which this concept is used, presenting an obstacle both to empirical testing and to realistic assessments of policy relevance. In this paper, we distinguish three ideal-typical models of processes which may underlie spatial concentrations of related activities, with very different implications both in terms of relevant evidence and the scope for promotional policies. Survey data for the London conurbation are used to explore the relation between concentration and different forms of linkage, with results which point to the dominance of pure agglomeration effects in this context at least.

AbstractHow far do economic recoveries help those whose employment potential was most affected in times of crisis to clamber back—and under what regional conditions? We examine this issue drawing on individuals' employment histories from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. We find that—with the notable exception of the London economy—loss of occupational status is 'sticky', with evidence of limited 'bouncing back' for those 'bumped down' the occupational ladder during the crisis. London's exceptionalism is consistent with expected metropolitan advantages (denser/larger labour markets), but we find no evidence of a broader North–South divide, while comparisons across regions outside London reveal no significant associations with general indicators of the form/intensity of economic recovery.