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Cuando las experiencias sociales no se corresponden con las expectativas, es decir, cuando la regulación social dista de la esperada emancipación social, se descubre que determinados colectivos vinculan sus luchas sociales a la consecución de unos derechos subjetivamente usurpados. Para ello constituyen espacios múltiples en los cuales se ponen en común las problemáticas y se comienza, por ende, a visibilizar sus posibles soluciones. En esta línea, vislumbramos la forma en que estos espacios de socialización terminan por re-definirse en espacios de acción colectiva. Teniendo esto en cuenta, en el presente artículo presentamos el resultado de una investigación etnográfica comparativa de dos movimientos sociales con manifiestas diferencias simbólicas, políticas, culturales y sociales, pero que confluyen en un eje vertebrador común: el derecho a una vivienda digna. Estos son, por una parte, el movimiento de okupación y, por otra, la lucha antidesahucios, materializada en la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH). Ambos desarrollan prácticas culturales similares en los distintos espacios de socialización a través de sus respectivos repertorios y espacios de acción colectiva. Tras un análisis desde la antropología implicada, se concluye que estos espacios, ya sean físicos —centros sociales, bares, plazas, etc.— o simbólicos —manifestaciones, concentraciones, fiestas, etc.—, sirven para reconfigurar y reforzar las identidades personales y colectivas a través de la puesta en común de prácticas y experiencias reivindicativas.

This study was designed to inquire into the effects of aging versus age cohort by examining how men and women representing four age cohorts across the life span endorse masculinity ideology. Ascertaining whether different groups (such as age cohorts) understand a scale in the same way by assessing measurement invariance is a fundamental but oft-ignored prerequisite to comparing their scores on the scale. The Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF) is a multidimensional measure used to assess beliefs in specific norms of masculinity, as well as general beliefs in traditional masculinity ideology (TMI). A five-item unidimensional MRNI -Very Brief (MRNI-VB) has also been developed measuring TMI only. This study administered the MRNI-SF (which includes the five items for the MRNI-VB) to 1,352 men and women in four age cohorts: young, established, middle-aged, and older. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses found support for partial strong invariance for the MRNI-SF across age cohorts. Support for partial strict invariance was found for the MRNI-VB across age cohorts. For both scales, the effect sizes of non-invariant parameters were small in magnitude, thus non-invariance may have little practical significance. These results suggest that the MRNI-SF and the MRNI-VB measure similar masculinity ideology constructs across men and women in four age cohorts. Mean scores on each instrument were therefore compared across age cohorts with confidence, finding that the age cohorts commonly did not endorse "traditional" masculinity ideology, but differed in the level of disagreement with the tenets of TMI in six out of nine comparisons. In five of those six, older adults hewed more strongly to TMI than younger adults, suggesting that age cohort was more determinative of masculinity beliefs than age.

[Background]: Psoriasis is a frequent inflammatory skin disease that is mainly mediated by IL-23, IL-1β, and IL-17 cytokines. Although psoriasis is a hyperproliferative skin disorder, the possible role of amino acid transporters has remained unexplored. ; [Objective]: We sought to investigate the role of the essential amino acid transporter L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 (SLC7A5) in psoriasis. ; [Methods]: LAT1 floxed mice were crossed to Cre-expressing mouse strains under the control of keratin 5, CD4, and retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor γ. We produced models of skin inflammation induced by imiquimod (IMQ) and IL-23 and tested the effect of inhibiting LAT1 (JPH203) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR [rapamycin]). ; [Results]: LAT1 expression is increased in keratinocytes and skin-infiltrating lymphocytes of psoriatic lesions in human subjects and mice. LAT1 deletion in keratinocytes does not dampen the inflammatory response or their proliferation, which could be maintained by increased expression of the alternative amino acid transporters LAT2 and LAT3. Specific deletion of LAT1 in γδ and CD4 T cells controls the inflammatory response induced by IMQ. LAT1 deletion or inhibition blocks expansion of IL-17–secreting γ4+δ4+ and CD4 T cells and dampens the release of IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-22 in the IMQ-induced model. Moreover, inhibition of LAT1 blocks expansion of human γδ T cells and IL-17 secretion by human CD4 T cells. IL-23 and IL-1β stimulation upregulates LAT1 expression and induces mTOR activation in IL-17+ γδ and TH17 cells. Deletion or inhibition of LAT1 efficiently controls IL-23– and IL-1β–induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR activation independent of T-cell receptor signaling. ; [Conclusion]: Targeting LAT1-mediated amino acid uptake is a potentially useful immunosuppressive strategy to control skin inflammation mediated by the IL-23/IL-1β/IL-17 axis. ; Supported by grants SAF2017-82886-R (to F.S.-M.), PI17/01972 (to E.D.), and SAF2013-42850-R (to M.F.) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; CAM (S2017/BMD-3671-INFLAMUNE-CM) from the Comunidad de Madrid (to F.S.-M.); and CIBERCV, BIOIMID PIE13/041 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fundacion La Marato TV3 (20152330 31). The project leading to these results has also received funding from FUNDACION BBVA A EQUIPOS DE INVESTIGACION CIENTIFICA 2018 and from ''la Caixa'' Banking Foundation under the project code HR17-00016 (to F.S.-M.) and from Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, European Union. ; Peer reviewed